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California State Senate
California State Senate
	California State Legislature
Type
Type	; Upper house of the California State Legislature
Term limits	Elected before 2012:; 2 terms (8 years); Elected 2012 and after:; 3 terms (12 years)
History
New session started	December 3, 2018
Leadership
President of the Senate	; Eleni Kounalakis (D) ; since January 7, 2019
President pro tempore	; Toni Atkins (D) ; since March 21, 2018
Majority Leader	; Bill Monning (D) ; since December 17, 2014
Minority Leader	; Shannon Grove (R) ; since March 1, 2019
Structure
Seats	40
Political groups	; Majority; ; Democratic (28); Minority; ; ; Republican (10); ; Vacant (2);
Length of term	4 years
Authority	Article 4, California Constitution;
Salary	$110,459/year + per diem
Elections
Last election	; November 6, 2018 (20 seats)
Next election	November 3, 2020
Redistricting	California Citizens Redistricting Commission
Motto
	; Senatoris est civitatis libertatem tueri; ("It is a senator's duty to protect the liberty of the people.")
Meeting place
	State Senate Chamber; California State Capitol; Sacramento, California;
Website
	www.sen.ca.gov

Coordinates: 38°34′36″N 121°29′37″W / 38.57667°N 121.49361°W / 38.57667; -121.49361

The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature, the lower house being the California State Assembly. The State Senate convenes, along with the State Assembly, at the California State Capitol in Sacramento.

Due to a combination of the state's large population and relatively small legislature, the State Senate has the largest population per state senator ratio of any state legislative house. In the United States House of Representatives, California is apportioned 53 U.S. Representatives, each representing approximately 704,566 people,^[1] while in the California State Senate, each of the 40 State Senators represents approximately 931,349 people.^[2] This means that California State Senators each represent more people than California's members of the House of Representatives.

In the current legislative session, Democrats currently enjoy a two-thirds supermajority of 28 seats, while Republicans hold 10 seats. There are currently two vacancies.

History

Prior to 1967, state legislative districts were drawn according to the "Little Federal Model" by which Assembly seats were drawn to according to population and Senate seats were drawn according to county lines. The guidelines were that no Senate district would include more than three counties and none would include less than one complete county. This led to the situation of a populous county such as Los Angeles County (1960 population of 6 million) being accorded the same number of state senators (one) as less populous counties such as Alpine County (1960 pop. 397). In Reynolds v. Sims, the United States Supreme Court compelled all states to draw up districts with equal population. As such, boundaries were changed to comply with the ruling.

Leadership

The Lieutenant Governor is the ex officio President of the Senate, and may only cast a vote to break a tie. The President pro tempore is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full Senate. Other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each party's strength in the chamber.

The current President pro tem is Democrat Toni Atkins of San Diego. The Minority Leader is Republican Shannon Grove of Bakersfield.

Terms of office

Each state senator represents a population roughly equivalent to the State of Delaware. As a result of Proposition 140 in 1990 and Proposition 28 in 2012, members elected to the legislature prior to 2012 are restricted by term limits to two four-year terms (eight years), while those elected in or after 2012 are allowed to serve 12 years in the legislature in any combination of four-year State Senate or two-year State Assembly terms.^[3]

Members of the State Senate serve four-year terms. Every two years, half of the Senate's 40 seats are subject to election. This is in contrast to the State Assembly, in which all 80 seats in the Assembly are subject to election every two years.

Meeting chamber

The red tones of the California State Senate Chamber are based on the British House of Lords, which is outfitted in a similar color. The dais rests along a wall shaped like an "E", with its central projection housing the rostrum. The Lower tier dais runs across the entire chamber, there are several chairs and computers used by the senate officers, the most prominent seat is reserved for the secretary who calls the roll. The higher tier is smaller, with three chairs, the two largest and most ornate chairs are used by the President Pro Tempore (right chair) and the Lieutenant Governor (left chair). The third and smallest chair, placed in the center, is used by the presiding officer (acting in place of the Pro Tem) and is rarely sat in as the president is expected to stand. There are four other chairs flanking the dais used by the highest non-member officials attending the senate, a foreign dignitary or state officer for example. Each of the 40 senators is provided a desk, microphone and two chairs, one for the senator, another for guests or legislative aides. Almost every decorating element is identical to the Assembly Chamber. Along the cornice appears a portrait of George Washington and the Latin quotation: senatoris est civitatis libertatem tueri ("It is a senator's duty to protect the liberty of the people").

Composition

Composition of the California State Senate

Democratic Party

Republican Party

Vacant


28	2	10
Democratic	V	Republican

Affiliation	Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)		Total

	Democratic	Republican		Vacant
End of previous legislature	26	14	40	0

Begin	29	11	40	0
January 7, 2019^[4]	28	10	38	2
Latest voting share	7001737000000000000♠73.7%	7001263000000000000♠26.3%

Officers

Position		Name	Party	District
	Lieutenant Governor	Eleni Kounalakis	Democratic
	President pro tempore	Toni Atkins	Democratic	39th–San Diego
	Majority leader	Robert Hertzberg	Democratic	18th–Van Nuys
	Assistant majority leader	Mike McGuire	Democratic	2nd–Healdsburg
	Majority whip	Nancy Skinner	Democratic	9th–Berkeley
	Assistant majority whips	Maria Elena Durazo	Democratic	24th–Los Angeles
	Assistant majority whips	Scott Wiener	Democratic	11th–San Francisco
	Democratic caucus chair	Connie Leyva	Democratic	20th–Chino
	Minority leader	Shannon Grove	Republican	16th–Bakersfield
Secretary		Erika Contreras
Sergeant-at-Arms		Jodie O. Barnett III
Chaplain		Sister Michelle Gorman, RSM

The Secretary, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature.

Members

	Name	Party	Residence	First elected	Term limited	Notes
1	Vacant
2	Mike McGuire	Democratic	Healdsburg	2014	2026
3	Bill Dodd	Democratic	Napa	2016	2024
4	Jim Nielsen	Republican	Gerber	2013	2022	Previously served from 1978 to 1990
5	Cathleen Galgiani	Democratic	Stockton	2012	2020
6	Richard Pan	Democratic	Sacramento	2014	2022
7	Steve Glazer	Democratic	Orinda	2015	2028
8	Andreas Borgeas	Republican	Fresno	2018	2030
9	Nancy Skinner	Democratic	Berkeley	2016	2024
10	Bob Wieckowski	Democratic	Fremont	2014	2022
11	Scott Wiener	Democratic	San Francisco	2016	2028
12	Anna Caballero	Democratic	Salinas	2018	2026
13	Jerry Hill	Democratic	San Mateo	2012	2020
14	Melissa Hurtado	Democratic	Sanger	2018	2030
15	Jim Beall	Democratic	San Jose	2012	2020
16	Shannon Grove	Republican	Bakersfield	2018	2026	Minority Leader
17	Bill Monning	Democratic	Carmel	2012	2020	Majority Leader
18	Robert Hertzberg	Democratic	Van Nuys	2014	2022	Previously served as Speaker of the State Assembly
19	Hannah-Beth Jackson	Democratic	Santa Barbara	2012	2020
20	Connie Leyva	Democratic	Chino	2014	2026
21	Scott Wilk	Republican	Santa Clarita	2016	2024
22	Susan Rubio	Democratic	Baldwin Park	2018	2030
23	Mike Morrell	Republican	Rancho Cucamonga	2014	2020
24	Maria Elena Durazo	Democratic	Los Angeles	2018	2030
25	Anthony Portantino	Democratic	La Cañada Flintridge	2016	2024
26	Ben Allen	Democratic	Santa Monica	2014	2026
27	Henry Stern	Democratic	Canoga Park	2016	2028
28	Jeff Stone	Republican	Temecula	2014	2026
29	Ling Ling Chang	Republican	Diamond Bar	2018	2024
30	Holly Mitchell	Democratic	Los Angeles	2013	2022
31	Richard Roth	Democratic	Riverside	2012	2024
32	Bob Archuleta	Democratic	Pico Rivera	2018	2030
33	Vacant
34	Tom Umberg	Democratic	Santa Ana	2018	2026
35	Steven Bradford	Democratic	Gardena	2016	2024
36	Patricia Bates	Republican	Laguna Niguel	2014	2022
37	John Moorlach	Republican	Costa Mesa	2015	2028
38	Brian Jones	Republican	Santee	2018	2026
39	Toni Atkins	Democratic	San Diego	2016	2024	President pro tempore. Previously served as Speaker of the State Assembly
40	Ben Hueso	Democratic	San Diego	2013	2022

: elected in a special election

: elected in a recall election

Seating chart

President
Kounalakis

Morrell

Borgeas

Vacant

McGuire

Hueso

Archuleta

Roth

Galgiani

Pan

Glazer

Allen

Wiener

Moorlach

Stone

Grove

Nielsen

Bradford

Hill

Portantino

Rubio

Vacant

Jackson

Leyva

Caballero

Jones

Chang

Wilk

Bates

Dodd

Umberg

Durazo

Mitchell

Hurtado

Skinner

Stern

Beall

Monning

Atkins

Hertzberg

Wieckowski

Past composition of the Senate

Committees

Current committees include:^[5]

Standing

Senate Committee on Agriculture

Senate Committee on Appropriations
- Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Fiscal Oversight and Bonded Indebtedness

Senate Committee on Banking and Financial Institutions

Senate Committee on Budget and Fiscal Review
- Senate Budget Subcommittee No. 1 on Education
- Senate Budget Subcommittee No. 2 on Resources
- Senate Budget Subcommittee No. 3 on Health and Human Services
- Senate Budget Subcommittee No. 4 on State Administration and General Government
- Senate Budget Subcommittee No. 5 on Corrections

Senate Committee on Business, Professions and Economic Development

Senate Committee on Education
- Senate Education Subcommittee on Sustainable School Facilities

Senate Committee on Elections and Constitutional Amendments

Senate Committee on Energy, Utilities and Communications

Senate Committee on Environmental Quality

Senate Committee on Governmental Organizations

Senate Committee on Governance and Finance

Senate Committee on Health

Senate Committee on Human Services

Senate Committee on Insurance

Senate Committee on Judiciary

Senate Committee on Labor and Industrial Relations

Senate Committee on Legislative Ethics

Senate Committee on Natural Resources and Water
- Senate Natural Resources and Water Subcommittee on Urban Rivers

Senate Committee on Public Employment and Retirement

Senate Committee on Public Safety

Senate Committee on Rules

Senate Committee on Transportation and Housing

Senate Committee on Veterans Affairs

Joint

Joint Committee on Arts

Joint Committee on Fairs, Allocation and Classification

Joint Committee on Fisheries and Aquaculture

Joint Committee on Legislative Audit

Joint Committee on Rules

Joint Legislative Budget

Joint Legislative Committee on Emergency Management

Offices

Senate Office of Research

Senate Office of Demographics

Senate Office of Floor Analysis

Senate Office of International Relations

Senate Office of Oversight and Outcomes

References

^ "Apportionment Data". United States Census Bureau..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

^ "Senate Roster". State of California.

^ "California Constitution Article 4; Legislative". California Office of Legislative Counsel. Archived from the original on February 23, 2019. Retrieved February 23, 2019.

^ Republican Ted Gaines (District 1) and Democrat Ricardo Lara (District 33) resigned to take office on the State Board of Equalization and as State Insurance Commissioner, respectively.

^
"California Senate Committees". Open States. Sunlight Foundation. 2014-04-09. Retrieved 2014-04-09.

External links

Official website of the California State Senate
- Democratic Caucus
- Republican Caucus
- Sergeant-at-Arms

Map of the state senate districts

California legislative district maps from 1849 to the present

[1] "Apportionment Data". United States Census Bureau..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

[2] "Senate Roster". State of California.

[Article_4-3] "California Constitution Article 4; Legislative". California Office of Legislative Counsel. Archived from the original on February 23, 2019. Retrieved February 23, 2019.

[4] Republican Ted Gaines (District 1) and Democrat Ricardo Lara (District 33) resigned to take office on the State Board of Equalization and as State Insurance Commissioner, respectively.

[OpenStates-5] 
"California Senate Committees". Open States. Sunlight Foundation. 2014-04-09. Retrieved 2014-04-09.

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List of U.S. state legislators

v t e Members of the California State Senate
_President_of_the_Senate:_Eleni_Kounalakis_(D) _President_pro_Tempore:_Toni_Atkins_(D) _Majority_Leader:_Robert_Hertzberg_(D) _Minority_Leader:_Shannon_Grove_(R)"> 2019–20 Session President of the Senate: Eleni Kounalakis (D) President pro Tempore: Toni Atkins (D) Majority Leader: Robert Hertzberg (D) Minority Leader: Shannon Grove (R)
(vacant) Mike McGuire (D) Bill Dodd (D) Jim Nielsen (R) Cathleen Galgiani (D) Richard Pan (D) Steve Glazer (D) Andreas Borgeas (R) Nancy Skinner (D) Bob Wieckowski (D) Scott Wiener (D) Anna Caballero (D) Jerry Hill (D) Melissa Hurtado (D) Jim Beall (D) Shannon Grove (R) Bill Monning (D) Robert Hertzberg (D) Hannah-Beth Jackson (D) Connie Leyva (D) Scott Wilk (R) Susan Rubio (D) Mike Morrell (R) Maria Elena Durazo (D) Anthony Portantino (D) Ben Allen (D) Henry Stern (D) Jeff Stone (R) Ling Ling Chang (R) Holly Mitchell (D) Richard Roth (D) Bob Archuleta (D) (vacant) Tom Umberg (D) Steven Bradford (D) Patricia Bates (R) John Moorlach (R) Brian Jones (R) Toni Atkins (D) Ben Hueso (D)
Democratic (28) Republican (10) California State Legislature California State Assembly California State Senate

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