Tamasheq language


"Tamashek language" redirects here. For the macrolanguage "Tamashek", see Tuareg languages.



















Tamasheq
Tafaghist
Native to
Mali, Burkina Faso
RegionSahara
EthnicityTuareg
Native speakers
500,000 (2014)[1]
Language family

Afro-Asiatic

  • Berber

    • Tuareg
      • Southern
        • Tamasheq
Dialects
  • Timbuktu (Tombouctou, Tanaslamt)

  • Tadghaq (Kidal)

Writing system

  • Latin script

  • Tifinagh

Language codes
ISO 639-3taq
Glottolog
tama1365[2]

Tamasheq is a variety of the Tuareg languages. It is spoken by the Tuareg people, principally in the Timbuktu area. There are two divergent dialects: Timbuktu (Tombouctou, Tanaslamt) and Tadghaq (Kidal), in Mali.


Tamasheq as spoken in northeastern Burkina Faso is similar.[3]


The name Tamasheq is sometimes applied to the Tuareg languages in general.



Phonology


All charts are from Heath (2011).[4]















Vowels

Front
Back
Close
i
u
Close-mid
e
o
Open
a

In addition, Tamasheq has two other vowels that can only occur word-initially: /ə/ and /æ/.































































































Consonants


Bilabial

Labiodental

Alveolar

Postalveolar

Palatal

Velar

Pharyngeal

Glottal

plain

pharyngealized

plain

palatalized

Stop

voiceless
(p)

t

(t͡ʃ)

k




voiced
b

d
dˁ


g
gʲ



Fricative

voiceless

f
s

ʃ

x

(ħ)
h

voiced


z
zˤ
ʒ

ɣ

(ʕ)


Nasal
m

n


(ɲ)
ŋ




Approximant


l
(lˤ)

j





Trill


r







Consonants in parentheses are marginal consonants, largely confined to loanwords. In fact, the pharyngealized consonants /sˁ, lˤ/ and both pharyngeal consonants /ħ, ʕ/ are borrowed from Arabic.


A glottal stop (ʔ) occurs only in unassimilated Islamic vocabulary, already being absent from local Arabic dialects.


An uvular stop (q) occurs chiefly as the geminated version of the voiced velar fricative (ɣ).



Grammar


Tamasheq has three types of verbal subsystems: perfective positive, short imperfective, and long imperfective.



References




  1. ^ Tamasheq at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)


  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tamasheq". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  3. ^ David Sudlow, 2001, The Tamasheq of Nord-East Burkina Faso: Notes on grammar and syntax including a key vocabulary, Köln, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag


  4. ^ Heath, Jeffrey (2011-05-03). A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110909586.











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