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Shimabara
; Shimabara; ; .mw-parser-output .noboldfont-weight:normal; ; 島原市;
	City
	; Shimabara Castle;
; ; Flag;	; ; Emblem;
	; Location of Shimabara in Nagasaki Prefecture; ;
	; ; ; ; Shimabara; ; ; Location in Japan;
	Coordinates: 32°46′N 130°20′E / 32.767°N 130.333°E / 32.767; 130.333Coordinates: 32°46′N 130°20′E / 32.767°N 130.333°E / 32.767; 130.333;
Country	Japan
Region	Kyushu
Prefecture	Nagasaki Prefecture
Area ;
• Total	82.77 km2 (31.96 sq mi)
Population (October 1, 2016);
• Total	44,936
• Density	540/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Symbols ;
• Tree	camphor tree
• Flower	Prunus mume
Time zone	; UTC+9 (JST)
City hall address	537, Uenomachi, Shimabara-shi, Nagasaki-ken; 855-8555
Website	Shimabara City[dead link]

City in Kyushu, Japan

Shimabara (島原市, Shimabara-shi) is a city located on the north-eastern tip of the Shimabara Peninsula, facing Ariake Bay in the east and Mount Unzen (including Fugendake) in the west, in Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan.

As of October 1, 2016, the city has an estimated population of 44,936 and a population density of 540 persons per km². The total area is 82.77 km².

History

Shimabara is a castle town, which was the capital of Shimabara Domain during the Edo period. It was the site of considerable foreign trade and missionary activity during the late Muromachi period, and in the early Edo period, a large percentage of the population were Kirishitan. Due to misgovernment, high taxes and persecution of Christianity, the population rose in the Shimabara Rebellion of 1637, which was suppressed with extreme severity by the Tokugawa Bakufu. Shimabara was ruled by a branch of the Matsudaira clan from 1668-1774 and from 1774-1871.

Modern Shimabara City was founded on April 1, 1940 by the merger of former town of Shimabara with several surrounding villages.

On January 1, 2006, the town of Ariake (from Minamitakaki District) was merged into Shimabara.

Throughout its history, Shimabara has been dominated by the seismic activity of Mount Unzen. A major volcanic eruption in 1792 resulted in a tsunami which destroyed most of the town, and killed over 15,000 people in one of Japan's worst volcanic disasters. In more recent history, major eruptions in 1990-1991 resulted in pyroclastic flows, which killed 43 people and forced the temporary evacuation of hundreds of others. The 5th International Conference of Cities on Volcanoes was held in Shimabara November 19–23, 2007.

Economy

Shimabara is a popular tourist destination, due to its historical associations, location in Unzen-Amakusa National Park, and numerous onsen. The most popular tourist destination within the urban area is Shimabara Castle and the nearby “Samurai Street”. The city has so much natural spring water, both hot and cold, that it runs through the streets. One picturesque spot, “Carp Street”, has colorful koi swimming in the canals.

Principal agricultural products include mandarin oranges, tea, and tobacco.

Festivals

Shimabara is host of the Shimbara Water Festival on the first weekend of August. There are also festivals in Minamishimabara, like the Marine Festival in Kuchinotsu and the Minamishimabara Sakura Festivals.