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Summit, New Jersey
City
City of Summit
Downtown Summit from the southeast
Seal
Nickname(s):  Hill City
Location of Summit within Union County and state of New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Summit, New Jersey
Coordinates: 40°42′56″N 74°21′53″W / 40.715622°N 74.364684°W / 40.715622; -74.364684Coordinates: 40°42′56″N 74°21′53″W / 40.715622°N 74.364684°W / 40.715622; -74.364684[1][2]
Country	United States
State	New Jersey
County	Union
Settled	1710
Incorporation	March 23, 1869 as Township
Incorporation	March 8, 1899 as City
Named for	Summit Lodge or "summit of the Short Hills"
Government [7]
• Type	Special charter (Strong Council)
• Body	Common Council
• Mayor	Nora G. Radest (D, term ends December 31, 2019)[3][4]
• Administrator	Michael F. Rogers[5]
• Municipal clerk	Rosemary Licatese[6]
Area [1]
• Total	6.046 sq mi (15.661 km2)
• Land	5.995 sq mi (15.528 km2)
• Water	0.051 sq mi (0.133 km2)  0.85%
Area rank	255th of 566 in state 7th of 21 in county[1]
Elevation [8]	374 ft (114 m)
Population (2010 Census)[9][10][11][12]
• Total	21,457
• Estimate  (2016)[13]	22,019
• Rank	120th of 566 in state 9th of 21 in county[14]
• Density	3,578.9/sq mi (1,381.8/km2)
• Density rank	178th of 566 in state 15th of 21 in county[14]
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP codes	07901, 07902[15]
Area code(s)	908
FIPS code	3403971430[1][16][17]
GNIS feature ID	085412[1][18]
Website	www.cityofsummit.org

Summit is a city in Union County, New Jersey, United States. At the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 21,457,^[9][10][11] reflecting an increase of 326 (+1.5%) from the 21,131 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,374 (+7.0%) from the 19,757 counted in the 1990 Census.^[19] Summit had the 16th-highest per capita income in the state as of the 2000 Census ^[20] According to Bloomberg, Summit ranked as the 72nd richest town in America in 2018, with an average household income of $220,971.^[21]

Originally incorporated as Summit Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 23, 1869, from portions of New Providence Township (now Berkeley Heights) and Springfield Township, Summit was reincorporated as a city on March 8, 1899.^[22][23]

Possible derivations of Summit's name include its location atop the Second Watchung Mountain; the Summit Lodge, the house to which jurist James Kent moved in 1837 and which stands today at 50 Kent Place Boulevard; and to a local sawmill owner who granted passage to the Morris and Essex Railroad for a route to "the summit of the Short Hills".^[24][25][26]

History

18th century

The region in which Summit is located was purchased from Native Americans on October 28, 1664. Summit's earliest European settlers came to the area around the year 1710.^[27] The original name of Summit was "Turkey Hill" to distinguish it from the area then known as "Turkey" (New Providence's original name until 1759). During the American Revolutionary War, Summit was known as "Beacon Hill", because bonfire beacons were lit on an eastern ridge in Summit to warn the New Jersey militiamen of approaching British troops.^[28]

Summit was called the "Heights over Springfield" during the late 18th century and most of the 19th century, and was considered a part of New Providence. During this period, Summit was part of Springfield Township, which eventually broke up into separate municipalities. Eventually, only Summit and New Providence remained joined.

19th century

Lord Chancellor James Kent, a Chancellor of New York State and author of Commentaries on American Law, retired to this area in 1837 in a house he called Summit Lodge (perhaps a namesake of the town) on what is now called Kent Place Boulevard.^[24] He lived there until 1847. Today, the lodge is part of a large mansion, at 50 Kent Place Boulevard, opposite Kent Place School.

In 1837, the Morris and Essex Railroad, which became the Delaware Lackawanna and Western Railroad and is now NJ Transit's Morris and Essex Lines, was built over what was then called "The Summit" hill, a name later shortened to Summit. The railroad allowed Summit to outgrow neighboring New Providence, which didn't have a train station. In 1868, a hotel named "The Summit House" burned beside the railroad.^[29] In 1869, Summit and New Providence separated and the Summit area was incorporated as the "Township of Summit".^[22] In the late 19th century, the area began shifting from farmland to wealthy estates; in 1892, renowned architect C. Abbott French cleared away a crest of a "summit ridge", removing "an impenetrable tangle of wild vines ... and myriads of rattlesnakes," to build a house with a view of New York City, The Times Building, and the Brooklyn Bridge.^[30] The present-day incarnation of Summit, known formally as the City of Summit, was incorporated on April 11, 1899.^[27]

During this time, Summit was the home of America's "antivice crusader", Anthony Comstock, who moved there about 1880 and built a house in 1892 at 35 Beekman Road, where he died in 1915.^[31][32]

In the 19th century, Summit served as a nearby getaway spot for wealthy residents of New York City in search of fresh air. Weekenders or summer vacationers would reach Summit by train and relax at large hotels and smaller inns and guest houses.^[33] Calvary Episcopal Church was built in 1894–95; the New York Times called it a "handsome new house of worship".^[34]

20th century

Silk weaving, which had thrived as an industry in the late 19th century, declined in the early decades of the 20th. In 1915, there was a strike at the Summit Silk Company on Weaver Street.^[35] In the early 20th century, there was much building; in 1909, one report suggested at least 40 residences were being built (some with stables) with costs varying from $4,500 to $45,000, making it "one of the greatest periods of building activity this place, the Hill City, has known."^[36]

The Rahway Valley Railroad at Summit c. 1910s

A new railway was constructed from what was then-called New Orange.^[37] The Rahway Valley Railroad connected Summit with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W). In the early 20th century, both freight and passenger service were offered by this line. (Although in 2009, Union County was exploring the possibility of reactivating the long-dormant line for freight traffic.^[38]) A trolley line called the Morris County Traction Company, once ran a passenger trolley through Summit to/from Newark and Morris County, in the early part of the 20th century.^[39] Broad Street in Summit was designed and built for the trolley, which is why it is wider and straighter than most streets in the city. Portions of the rails could still be seen on it as late as the 1980s.

Union Plaza with Lackawanna Depot, c. 1940

View looking North across Lackawanna Railroad Bridge into Business Section, c.1940

Relations between city authorities and businesses have not always been smooth; in 1898, city authorities and the New York and New Jersey Telephone Company had disputes about wires and telephone poles; the city acted and "wires and cables of the company were cut from the poles."^[40] There were disputes between Summit's commuters and the Lackawanna railroad about walkways; in one incident in 1905, "a number of passengers seeking to board the 6:35 train found their way barred. They made a united rush, and when the dust cleared away, the door wasn't there. It is said the company will put the door back. The commuters say they will remove it as often as it is replaced."^[41]

Following World War II, the city experienced a great building boom, as living outside New York City and commuting to work became more common and the population of New Jersey grew. At this point, Summit took on its suburban character of tree lined streets and architect-designed houses that it is known for today.^[42]

In the late 1970s, Summit had a mini-bus system, with three long circular routes through most parts of Summit that were primarily designed to bring commuters to the railroad station downtown. The Velvet Underground played their first paid concert at a Summit High School prom.^[43]

21st century

More than a dozen Summit residents died in the September 11 terrorist attacks.^[44] Many worked in the World Trade Center, and commuted by rail to Hoboken.^[44] A few days after the attacks, townspeople assembled on the town green while a minister "called out the names of a dozen residents still unaccounted for after Tuesday's attack on the World Trade Center. Others in the crowd of nearly 2,000 called out names he had left out."^[44] A few World Trade Center firms moved to Summit.^[45]

In 2005, star baseball athlete Willie Wilson and former Summit graduate returned to Summit High School.^[46] Wilson said: "To me, Summit is a special place ... It's where it all began and I have great memories. This is where I want to help kids and youth baseball, and I want my own son and daughter to come and help me create something here." During the economic downturn of 2008–2009, Summit was listed as #6 on a list of American communities "likely to be pummeled by the economic crisis."^[46] Crime is generally not bad in the city; the summer 2010 murder of Abelino Mazariego-Torres during a robbery attempt gone awry shocked residents in what one person described as a "very small and very peaceful town." Several youths were charged in the murder.^[47]

Geography

Springfield Avenue, the main shopping street

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 6.046 square miles (15.661 km²), including 5.995 square miles (15.528 km²) of land and 0.051 square miles (0.133 km²) of water (0.85%).^[1][2] It is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Manhattan.

Springfield Avenue is the town's main street.^[46]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Brantwood Park and Tall Oaks.^[48]

It is bordered to the northeast by Millburn in Essex County, to the northwest by Chatham and Chatham Township, both in Morris County, to the west by New Providence, to the southwest by Berkeley Heights, to the south by Mountainside and to the southeast by Springfield Township.^[49]

Demographics

One report was that Manhattan's financial elite prefers living in Summit because of big houses, good schools and NJ Transit's rail link to Manhattan's financial district.^[44] Others suggested that the city has long been popular with traders, investment bankers, and money managers, with nearly 20% of Summit's residents working in finance and real estate.^[46]

2010 Census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 21,457 people, 7,708 households, and 5,519 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,578.9 per square mile (1,381.8/km²). There were 8,190 housing units at an average density of 1,366.0 per square mile (527.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.54% (17,926) White, 4.52% (970) Black or African American, 0.14% (30) Native American, 6.38% (1,368) Asian, 0.01% (3) Pacific Islander, 2.84% (610) from other races, and 2.56% (550) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.29% (2,851) of the population.^[9]

There were 7,708 households out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% were non-families. 23.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.29.^[9]

In the city, the population was spread out with 29.0% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.7 years. For every 100 females there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 92.0 males.^[9]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $109,602 and the median family income was $145,083. Males had a median income of $109,608 (+/- $15,245) versus $61,368 (+/- $8,854) for females. The per capita income for the city was $70,574. About 4.4% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.^[60]

2000 Census

At the 2000 United States Census^[16] there were 21,131 people, 7,897 households and 5,606 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,490.7 per square mile (1,348.5/km²). There were 8,146 housing units at an average density of 1,345.7 per square mile (519.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 87.77% White, 4.33% African American, 0.09% Native American, 4.45% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.70% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.17% of the population.^[58][59]

There were 7,897 households of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.18.^[58][59]

Age distribution was 27.0% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.1 males.^[58][59]

The median income for a household in the city was $92,964, and the median income for a family was $117,053. Males had a median income of $85,625 versus $46,811 for females. The per capita income for the city was $62,598. About 2.5% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.1% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.^[58][59]

Economy

Overlook Hospital is on a hill above the town with views of the Manhattan skyline

Corporate residents of Summit include:

• 
  Celgene is a biotechnology company and the largest corporate tax-payer in Summit. Its facilities in the eastern part of Summit underwent recent expansion. It recently purchased a campus on the western part of Summit, formerly owned by Merck & Co. (formerly Schering Plough pharmaceuticals until a 2009 merger) these facilities were previously home to Novartis and, before that, Ciba.^[61]


• 
  Overlook Hospital is located on a hill with views of the Manhattan skyline and is operated by the Atlantic Health System and features the Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, the Carol G. Simon Cancer Center and the Gagnon Cardiovascular Institute.^[62]


• Whiptail Technologies is a maker of solid state storage appliances.^[63]


• 
  Hibernia Atlantic is headquartered in Summit and is a transatlantic submarine cable network provider.^[64]

Arts and culture

Opera house

The Summit Opera House was originally built in the 1890s by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union as a dry entertainment hall and local W.C.T.U. meeting place. It currently houses Winberie's restaurant on the ground floor, and a church, office space, and apartments on the upper floors. It is located at Springfield Avenue and Kent Place Boulevard in downtown Summit.^[65]

The Summit Playhouse features live dramatic performances.^[66]

The Visual Arts Center of New Jersey on Elm Street diagonally across from the Summit Middle School is a professionally recognized regional art center with an art school and an exhibition program.^[67]

Horseback riding is available at the Watchung stables, located in the Watchung Reservation since the 1930s.^[68]

Parks and recreation

The Watchung Reservation in autumn.

Local parks and reserves

• 
  Reeves-Reed Arboretum is a suburban conservancy dedicated to environmental and horticultural education for children and adults and enjoyment of nature through the professional care and preservation of a historic country estate.^[69]


• "Briant Park, owned by Union County, New Jersey and located in the City of Summit and Springfield Township, contains 30.3 acres. It is bordered along its western side by Park Drive, along the east by Shunpike Road, and on the northern side by Briant Parkway and Morris Avenue. A brook cuts through the park, and the park is connected via a greenway to Hidden Valley Park in the southeast. There is a pond for ice-skating and fishing, some picnic areas, athletic fields, and a fitness trail." ^[70][71]


• "Hidden Valley Park, owned by Union County, New Jersey and located in the City of Summit and Springfield Township. The park contains 70.4 acres of basically undeveloped land that is connected via a greenway along Orchard Street to Briant Park. Hidden Valley Park is bordered along its southern edge by Interstate 78 and along the west by the residential neighborhoods along Baltusrol Road and Morris Avenue."^[70][71] Its eastern border is adjacent to the now-closed Houdaille Quarry which is now parkland owned by the county.^[71]


• 
  Passaic River Parkway, owned by Union County, New Jersey, is actually six small park areas along the Passaic River in western Union County (Summit, New Providence, Berkeley Heights). These areas are undeveloped with no facilities, and contain 133.4 acres in total. Area #1 in Summit and New Providence is located between Route 124 and the railroad tracks. The northern area of the park bordered by Morris County, and the southern area is bordered by River Road in Summit."^[70]


• 
  Watchung Reservation is a 1,945-acre (787 ha) nature reserve and recreation area administered by the Union County Parks Department that is bounded by Summit, Mountainside, Berkeley Heights, Scotch Plains and Springfield Township. The reservation consists mainly of the upper valley of Blue Brook, between the ridges of First Watchung Mountain and Second Watchung Mountain. A dam near the headwaters of the creek creates Lake Surprise.^[72]

Proposed Summit Park Line

A rail trail is a walking and/or biking trail that makes use of old railroad tracks. Two abandoned rail lines exist in Union County.^[73]

The City of Summit and the nonprofit Summit Park Line Foundation are working on turning the line from Morris Avenue to Briant Park in Summit into a rail trail that will be approximately one mile long. This rail trail, potentially called the Summit Park Line, could provide a greenway to connect several county parks, akin to the High Line.^[74] A path could run directly from Summit to the Arthur Kill in Linden, New Jersey on the Rahway Valley Railroad and the Staten Island Rapid Transit line.

The Summit city council applied for a $1 million grant toward the Summit Park Line project in November 2016.^[75] "If Summit is able to complete the project, it might help other parts of the greenway come through," said Union County Public Relations Coordinator, Sebastian Delia.^[76]

Government

Local government

City Hall at the intersection of Springfield Avenue and Broad Street has the city's police station, municipal court, municipal departments, and other offices

On April 11, 1899, Summit voters adopted as the Charter of the City of Summit the Statute of 1899 applicable to cities of less than 12,000 population. On December 15, 1987, the New Jersey Legislature enacted a law that repealed the original charter, retaining those sections not covered by general law that were specific to Summit. The charter now specifies that "1: The council may, by referendum, change the term of the councilman at large from a two year term to a four year term. 2: Resolutions adopted by the council do not have to be approved by the mayor. 3: The council pro tempore shall be the acting mayor in the mayor's absence due to sickness or other cause. 4: The municipality may appoint an administrator in accordance with the provisions of N.J.S. 40A:9-136. 5: The municipality may adopt an administrative code."^[7][77]

Memorial Day celebration

The mayor is elected by the city for a four-year term and is the city's official spokesman and chief elected official. The mayor can appoint various officials, including the chief of police and the board of education. The mayor serves as the chairman of the Board of School Estimate and on various committees, and has the right to speak at common council meetings, but can only vote to break ties in the council. This bully pulpit role is considered the mayor's strongest power.

The city sponsors free outdoor concerts during summer months

The common council has the chief policy making and administrative oversight role in city government. The council approves all laws and adopts the city budget. The council also oversees the work of city department heads. The council consists of three members from Ward I, three members from Ward II and one member elected at-large. The at-large member serves a two-year term of office, while the six ward members serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with one seat in each ward up for election each year. The council elects from its membership a president and a president pro tem, each serving a one-year term. The president presides at all council meetings, and the president pro tem presides in the president's absence. The president pro tem also serves as acting mayor in the absence of the mayor.

As of 2018^[update], the mayor of Summit is Democrat Nora G. Radest, whose term of office ends December 31, 2019.^[3] Members of the common council are Council President B. David Naidu (D, 2018; First Ward), President Pro Tem Matthew Gould (D, 2020; First Ward), Stephen E. Bowman (R, 2019; Second Ward), Marjorie Fox (D, 2020; Second Ward), Beth Little (D, 2019; At Large), Michael T. "Mike" McTernan (R, 2019; First Ward) and Mary G. Ogden (R, 2018; Second Ward).^{[78][79][80][81][82][83][84]}

Michael F. Rogers is the city administrator of Summit. In this role, he directs day-to-day operations of city government and the city departments.^[5]

While Summit remains predominantly Republican, Democrats have been making inroads in recent years. Shown: Beth Little was elected to the Summit Council in 2017.

Summit has been a stronghold for the Republican Party for years. From 1921 to 2001 no Democrats served in elective office and very few ran for office. The real elections occurred in the Republican primary. In 2001, Democratic candidates Michel Bitritto won a council seat in Ward I and Jordan Glatt won the at-large council seat. Summit had never elected a Democrat as mayor until 2003, when Jordan Glatt was elected.^[85]

In November 2011, Republicans swept all the open seats, with Ellen Dickson elected mayor and Gregory Drummond, Patrick Hurley and Robert Rubino sweeping the three council seats, giving full control of city government back to the Republican party.^[86]

The Department of Community Services is responsible for engineering, public works, and code administration.^[87] The engineering division manages city infrastructure such as roads, curbs, sewers, and provide support to the planning and zoning boards.^[87] Public works maintains streets, trees, traffic signs, public parks, traffic islands, playgrounds, public buildings, support vehicles, equipment, and has other responsibilities.^[87] The city runs a municipal disposal area or solid waste transfer station where recyclables are collected, including bulky trash; residents must have a town-generated sticker on their cars to use this facility.^[87] Trash is picked up from garbage cans once a week for most residents, and recycling materials are picked up every two weeks.^[87] Certain trees need permits before being removed.^[87] Summit plows 66 miles (106 km) of roads, covering all city streets, except for county roads.^[87] Residents are asked to put leaves in biodegradable bags for pickup on selected times during autumn and spring.^[87] Recently the city has embarked on a program of "Bringing Art to Public Spaces in Summit"; this program, established in 2002, has placed sculptures at different venues around the town and is supported by private donations.^[88] The Summit Chamber of Commerce advertises the town on cable television.^[46]

Federal, state and county representation

Summit is located in the 7th Congressional District^[89] and is part of New Jersey's 21st state legislative district.^[10][90][91]

For the 116th United States Congress. New Jersey's Seventh Congressional District is represented by Tom Malinowski (D, Rocky Hill).^[92] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2021)^[93] and Bob Menendez (Paramus, term ends 2025).^[94][95]

For the 2018–2019 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 21st Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Thomas Kean Jr. (R, Westfield) and in the General Assembly by Jon Bramnick (R, Westfield) and Nancy Munoz (R, Summit).^[96][97] The Governor of New Jersey is Phil Murphy (D, Middletown Township).^[98] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Sheila Oliver (D, East Orange).^[99]

Union County is governed by a Board of Chosen Freeholders, whose nine members are elected at-large to three-year terms of office on a staggered basis with three seats coming up for election each year, with an appointed County Manager overseeing the day-to-day operations of the county. At an annual reorganization meeting held in the beginning of January, the board selects a Chairman and Vice Chairman from among its members.^[100] As of 2014^[update], Union County's Freeholders are
Chairman Christopher Hudak (D, Linden, term ends December 31, 2014),^[101]
Vice Chairman Mohamed S. Jalloh (D, Roselle, 2015),^[102]
Bruce Bergen (D, Springfield Township, 2015),^[103]
Linda Carter (D, Plainfield, 2016),^[104]
Angel G. Estrada (D, Elizabeth, 2014),^[105]
Sergio Granados (D, Elizabeth, 2016),^[106]
Bette Jane Kowalski (D, Cranford, 2016),^[107]
Alexander Mirabella (D, Fanwood, 2015)^[108] and
Vernell Wright (D, Union, 2014).^[109][110] Constitutional officers elected on a countywide basis are
County Clerk Joanne Rajoppi (D, Union, 2015),^[111]
Sheriff Ralph Froehlich (D, Union, 2016)^[112] and
Surrogate James S. LaCorte (D, Springfield Township, 2014).^[113][114] The County Manager is Alfred Faella.^[115]

Politics

Municipal authorities deal with issues such as plowing snow from streets

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 13,358 registered voters in Summit, of which 3,842 (28.8% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 3,703 (27.7% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 5,808 (43.5% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 5 voters registered to other parties.^[116] Among the city's 2010 Census population, 62.3% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 87.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).^[116][117]

In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 5,776 votes (60.3% vs. 65.9% countywide) ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 3,210 votes (33.5% vs.30.5% countywide) and other candidates with 421 votes (4.4% vs. 3.6% countywide).^[118] In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 4,895 votes (49.4% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 4,859 votes (49.1% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 109 votes (1.1% vs. 0.8%), among the 9,899 ballots cast by the city's 14,330 registered voters, for a turnout of 69.1% (vs. 68.8% in Union County).^[119][120] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 5,820 votes (54.5% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 4,700 votes (44.0% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 88 votes (0.8% vs. 0.9%), among the 10,677 ballots cast by the city's 13,690 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.0% (vs. 74.7% in Union County).^[121] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 5,183 votes (50.0% vs. 40.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 5,068 votes (48.9% vs. 58.3%) and other candidates with 75 votes (0.7% vs. 0.7%), among the 10,360 ballots cast by the city's 13,159 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.7% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).^[122]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 68.1% of the vote (3,971 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 30.6% (1,785 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (76 votes), among the 5,928 ballots cast by the city's 14,076 registered voters (96 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 42.1%.^[123][124] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine was defeated in his hometown when Republican Chris Christie received 3,682 votes (50.3% vs. 41.7% countywide), ahead his 3,014 votes (41.2% vs. 50.6%), Independent Chris Daggett with 543 votes (7.4% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 43 votes (0.6% vs. 0.8%), among the 7,323 ballots cast by the city's 13,435 registered voters, yielding a 54.5% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).^[125]

Education

Jefferson School, one of Summit's five elementary schools

Students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade are educated by the Summit Public Schools. As of the 2014–15 school year, the district and its nine schools had an enrollment of 4,121 students and 346.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.9:1.^[126] Schools in the district (with 2014–15 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics^[127]) are
Jefferson Primary Center^[128] (144 students; in grades PreK-K),
Wilson Primary Center^[129] (125; PreK-K),
Brayton School^[130] (372; 1-5),
Franklin School^[131] (358; 1-5),
Jefferson School^[132] (218; 1-5),
Lincoln-Hubbard School^[133] (302; 1-5),
Washington School^[134] (339; 1-5),
Lawton C. Johnson Summit Middle School^[135] (980; 6-8) and
Summit High School^[136] (1,231; 9-12).^[137]

Private schools

• 
  Kent Place School (NS-12), founded in 1894, had an enrollment of 641 girls from across New Jersey as of 2012–13 school year^[138][139]


• 
  Oak Knoll School of the Holy Child (K-6 coed; 7-12 for girls), which operates under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark^[140][141]


• 
  Oratory Preparatory School (7–12) was founded in 1907 as Carlton Academy^[142]


• St. Teresa of Avila School (K-8), operated by the Archdiocese of Newark^[143][144]


• HudsonWay Immersion School (NS-5), Mandarin Chinese and Spanish immersion program

Youth sports

Summit's Family Aquatic Center has a water slide, an Olympic-sized outdoor pool, and the youth swim team is called the Summit Sharks

Summit has sports programs for youth including basketball, baseball, soccer and football leagues through the Recreation Center. In addition, the YMCA organizes sports clinics and teams including the Summit Swim Team. At age eight, children can try out for a traveling soccer program called the Summit Soccer Club, a nonprofit dedicated to the development of youth soccer in the city. Travel soccer runs for both the fall and spring seasons. Lacrosse is a popular sport with high school teams achieving distinction at county and state levels.^[145][146]Summit High School boys' team won the state's Tournament of Champions in 2010 and 2009 and lost by one goal in the 2011 final. Summit holds the New Jersey state (and possibly national) high school record with 68 consecutive victories during 2009 to 2011.^[147] The 2012 team was ranked second in New Jersey in May 2012 and in the top 20 nationally. Beginning in first grade, boys and girls can learn to play lacrosse in clinics and teams organized by the Summit Lacrosse Club.^[148]. The men's lacrosse team also won the 2018 Championship against Mountain Lakes, 6–3.

Real estate and housing

View of houses after a snowfall

Summit residential real estate is expensive. In October 2009, the median house price was $655,500.^[149] Real estate taxes vary; an $800,000 four-bedroom, 2-full-bath, 2-partial-bath single-family home built in 1939 had taxes of $16,000 in 2009.^[150] As of 2018, the average property tax bill in the city of Summit was $17,930, the 14th highest in the state. ^[151]Summit, along with many suburban communities in the United States, adopted a policy of zoning ordinances requiring a single-family house on a large lot and could thereby "exclude any undesirable influences that might erode property values", a requirement that effectively excluded apartment buildings and multi-family dwellings, and tended to raise the price of houses. One study found that since 1945, the single-family house on a large lot zoning mechanism "has been increasingly used in suburban and rural areas to safeguard particular vested interests."^[152] A reporter from The New York Times who is a Summit resident criticized the city for being an "economically, racially and ideologically homogenized populace" with "a growing divide between Summit's haves and have-nots."^[153] He elaborated in 2006: "there's an ever-diminishing corner of the city akin to the so-called slums of Beverly Hills, where middle-income homeowners like me can take advantage of the schools and services of Summit without the million-dollar price tags so ubiquitous on the other side of the Midtown Direct tracks."^[153] But he preferred the city as a place to raise and educate his children.^[153] One developer sued the city in 2005 to comply with New Jersey's Fair Housing Act to provide more affordable housing units.^[153] The city is working on a "housing master plan" to avoid future lawsuits from developers.^[153] In 2011, volunteers with Habitat for Humanity, in conjunction with church groups including St. Teresa of Avila and the Unitarian Church led by Vanessa Southern, constructed affordable housing on Morris Avenue.^[154]

Union County, which includes Summit, had the 10th highest property taxes in the nation as of 2010, based on data gathered by the National Taxpayers Union.^[155]

Landmarks

chapel of the monastery of Dominican Nuns

The Summit Diner at the corner of Summit Avenue and Union Place

Horse trough (center left) in winter

Summit Public Library in 2009, looking west, across Maple Street

• The Summit Downtown Historic District is on the United States Department of Interior National Register of Historic Places.^[156]


• The Carter House - at 90 Butler Parkway, Summit's oldest known structure, built in 1741, now home to the Summit Historical Society.^[157]


• The DeBary Inn was built in 1880 as one of the private residences of (Samuel) Frederick De Bary, a merchant of French wines, liquors, and other imported beverages.^[158][159] In 1916, the land was subdivided and sold, the house was moved 200 feet (61 m), and it opened as a hotel in 1923; later it housed senior citizens. Authorities and rules stymied an effort to turn it into a bed and breakfast in the early 2000s, and at present it serves as an "executive boutique inn" partially owned by CNBC host Jim Cramer.^[159]


• The Grand Summit Hotel hosts different events, including stockholder meetings.^[160]


• The Kent Place School occupies a large block bordered by Kent Place Boulevard, Norwood Avenue, and Morris Avenue near downtown Summit. Its Mabie House was built in 1931.


• 
  Dominican Monastery of Our Lady of the Rosary monastery is located on Springfield Avenue.^[161]


• The Summit Diner, located on the corner of Union Place & Summit Avenue, is a 1938 O'Mahony diner that has wood paneled walls, eight booths and 20 stools.


• 
  Summit Public Library offers a wide range of books, CDs, DVDs, internet access, special programs, and is located at the corner of Maple Street and Morris Avenue.^[162]


• 
  Twin Maples is a registered Historic Place at Springfield Avenue and Edgewood Road. Constructed in 1908 based on a design by architect Alfred F. Norris, it is home to the Summit Fortnightly Club and the Junior Fortnightly.^[163]


• The United States Postal Service is on Maple Street near the downtown.

Transportation

Roads and highways

I-78 in Summit

As of May 2010^[update], the city had a total of 84.80 miles (136.47 km) of roadways, of which 66.94 miles (107.73 km) were maintained by the municipality, 14.72 miles (23.69 km) by Union County and 3.14 miles (5.05 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.^[164]

Route 24 and Route 124 run along the eastern boundary of Summit, and Interstate 78 runs along the southern boundary. County Routes 512, 527 and 649 also pass through the city.

Parking is an ongoing issue. There are several free two-hour-limit parking lots for shoppers, as well as metered parking on main streets. The city council has conducted studies to explore further parking options.^[165]

Public transportation

Summit Station

NJ Transit's Morristown Line and Gladstone Branch merge at Summit station,^[166] providing frequent passenger service to Hoboken Terminal or New York's Penn Station. The train ride from Summit to New York is about 50 minutes (local) or 35 minutes (express). One reporter wrote: "The train line dominates Summit, bisecting its handsome commercial district from the town green on a sunken track, like a Dutch canal."^[44]

NJ Transit offers bus service to and from Newark on the 70 route with local Wheels service on the 986 route.^[167]

Lakeland Bus Lines (Route 78) provides service to and from Manhattan during peak commuting hours.^[168]

Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark / Elizabeth is approximately 15 minutes away via Interstate 78.

Media

Due to its proximity to New York City and Newark, daily newspapers serving the community are The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Star-Ledger.

Locally, Summit is served by the Summit Herald-Dispatch and the Independent Press, the latter of which is based in New Providence and serves the City of Summit and several surrounding communities. Both newspapers are published on a weekly basis. Summit is also served by the online news source, The Alternative Press^{[169][170][171]}

Summit is home to HomeTowne Television (HTTV), a cable television station providing public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV programming. HTTV's signal reaches municipalities in Union, Essex and Morris counties via Verizon channel 33 and Comcast channel 36. The station produces original content weekly and provides live streaming from hometownetv.org. The station is run by station manager, Amanda Olsen.^{[172][173][174]}

In popular culture

In "Mr. Monk and the End", the series finale of the cable TV show Monk, the fictional character of Randy Disher reveals he is leaving San Francisco because he has been offered the job as the chief of police of Summit, New Jersey. He is also going there to marry his longtime crush, Sharona Fleming.^[175] Following this up, in the 2012 novel Mr. Monk on Patrol, Randy has to bring Monk in after a corruption scandal sweeps the Summit government, leading to Randy becoming acting mayor.

Notable people

Jazz singer Bill Robinson lives in Summit

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Summit include:

• 
  Ozzie Ahlers (born 1946), songwriter and music producer who plays the keyboard, guitar, and bass who has played with Van Morrison, Jerry Garcia, The Edge and Craig Chaquico, in addition to a solo career.^[176]


• 
  Robert Arellano (born 1969), author, musician and educator.^[177]


• 
  Miles Austin (born 1984), wide receiver for the Philadelphia Eagles.^[178]


• 
  Michael Badgley (born 1995), football placekicker for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League.^[179]


• 
  Paul Baier (born 1985), professional ice hockey player.^[180]


• 
  Sean Baker (born 1978), filmmaker best known for the independent feature films Starlet, Tangerine and The Florida Project.^[181]


• 
  John Bardeen (1908–1991), only person to have won two (shared) Nobel prizes in physics, in 1956 for the transistor and in 1972 for superconductivity.^[182]


• 
  Wendy Barker (born 1942), poet.^[183]


• 
  Anthony James Barr (born 1940), programming language designer, software engineer and inventor.^[184]


• 
  Jack Belden (1910–1989), war correspondent who covered the Japanese invasion of China, the Second World War and the Chinese Revolution.^[185]


• 
  James M. Bennett (born 1948), FairTax advocate.^[186]


• 
  Mark Berson (born 1953), men's soccer coach at the University of South Carolina.^[187]


• 
  Robert Blackburn (1920–2003), artist and print maker.^[188]


• 
  Brett Ellen Block (born 1973), short story author and novelist.^[189][190]


• 
  Walter Houser Brattain (1902–1987), physicist who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for the transistor.^[191]


• 
  Arthur Raymond Brooks (1895–1991), last surviving American flying ace of World War I.^[192]


• 
  Dave Brown (born 1970), quarterback who played for the New York Giants.^[193]


• 
  Fritz Buehning (born 1960), former professional tennis player.^[194]


• 
  Levin H. Campbell (born 1927), judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.^[195]


• 
  John Carroll (born 1955), basketball coach who served as the head coach for the Boston Celtics during the latter part of the 2003–04 season.^[196]


• 
  Mark Cesark (born 1965), sculptor, best known for his use of found and scrap steel.^[197]


• 
  Greg Cohen (born 1953), jazz artist.^[198]


• 
  Laurie Collyer (born 1967), film director, best known for Sherrybaby.^[199]


• 
  Anthony Comstock (1844–1915), legal reformer, famous for the anti-pornography laws named after him.^{[31][32][200]}


• 
  William A. Conway (1910–2006), banking executive and activist shareholder of behalf of minority stockholders.^[201]


• 
  Jon Corzine (born 1947), former Governor of New Jersey.^[202][203]


• 
  Marguerite Courtot (1897–1986), silent film actress.^[204]


• 
  Jim Cramer (born 1955), stock trader, and anchor of CNBC's former Kudlow & Cramer and present Mad Money.^{[46][205][206]}


• 
  Marshall Curry (born c. 1970), two-time Academy Award-nominated American documentary director, producer, cinematographer and editor of such films as Street Fight about the 2002 Newark mayoral election.^[207][208]


• 
  Paul Davenport (born 1946), ninth president of the University of Western Ontario.^[209]


• 
  Benjamin Henry Day Jr. (1838–1916), illustrator and printer, best known for his invention of Ben-Day dots.^[210]


• 
  (Samuel) Frederick De Bary (1815–1898), wealthy businessman who gave his name to Summit's DeBary Inn and to DeBary, Florida.^[158]


• 
  Leonard De Paur (1914–1998), composer.^[211]


• 
  Capitola Dickerson (1913–2012), piano instructor.^[212]


• 
  Lawrence Dillon (born 1959), composer who is Composer in Residence at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts.^[213]


• 
  Daniel Doan (1914–1993), author best known for his works about hiking in New England.^[214]


• 
  Mark Donohue (1937–1975), race car, Indy, Formula 1 and NASCAR driver who was the winner of the 1972 Indy 500.^[215]


• 
  David Drake, chef.^[216]


• 
  East River Pipe, musician Fred M. Cornog.^[217]


• 
  Frankie Edgar (born 1981), mixed martial artist who is the current UFC lightweight champion.^[218]


• 
  Brian Edwards (born 1984), goalkeeper for Toronto FC.^[219]


• 
  Alan Louis Eggers (1895–1968), received the Medal of Honor for his actions during World War I.^[220]


• 
  Marianne Espinosa, Judge of the Appellate Division of New Jersey Superior Court.^[221]


• 
  Maggie Estep (1963–2014), writer and poet most well known for coming to prominence during the height of the spoken word and poetry slam performance rage.^[222]


• 
  Kevin C. Fitzpatrick (born 1966), author who has written about Dorothy Parker.^[223]


• 
  Bob Franks (1951–2010), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly and represented New Jersey's 7th congressional district.^[224]


• 
  Lauren Beth Gash (born 1960), lawyer and politician who served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1993 to 2001.^[225][226]


• 
  Alex Gibney (born 1953), documentary film director and producer.^[227]


• 
  Charles Gibson (born 1943), former anchor of ABC News' World News Tonight and Good Morning America.^[228]


• 
  Dave Given (born 1954), former ice hockey right winger who played one game in the World Hockey Association for the Vancouver Blazers.^[229]


• 
  Scott Goldblatt (born 1979), freestyle swimmer who won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics.^[230]


• 
  Joseph Greenspan (born 1992), soccer player for the Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC of the United Soccer League.^[231]


• 
  Edna Guy (1907–1982), modern dance pioneer.^[232]


• 
  Norman Hill (born 1933), civil rights activist.^[233]


• 
  Constance Horner (born 1942), public official in the Reagan and first Bush administrations.^[234]


• 
  Frederick Erastus Humphreys (1883–1941), one of the first military pilots trained by the Wright brothers.^[235]


• 
  Ice-T (born 1958 as Tracy Lauren Marrow), rapper / actor who attended Summit Public Schools.^[236]


• 
  Charles R. Jackson (1903–1968), novelist best known for The Lost Weekend.^[237]


• 
  Nikki M. James (born 1981) actress and singer.^[238]


• 
  Lawton C. Johnson (1937–2009), educator and namesake of Lawton C. Johnson Summit Middle School.^[239]


• 
  Reggie Jones (born 1951), retired boxer who represented the U.S. at the 1972 Summer Olympics, where he was controversially eliminated in a fight he was generally accepted to have won.^[240]


• 
  Susan Kenney (born 1941), short story writer and novelist.^[241]


• 
  Lord Chancellor Kent (1763–1847), Lord Chancellor of New York State (1814–1823).^[242][243]


• 
  Raymond Kethledge (born 1966), judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.^[244]


• 
  Peter Kuhn (1955–2009), race car driver who won both the USAC and SCCA Formula Super Vee championships in 1980.^[245]


• 
  Peter Kuper (born 1958), alternative cartoonist and illustrator.^[246]


• 
  William "Bill" Larned (1872–1926), professional tennis player who won the U.S. Open seven times from 1901 through 1911.^[247][248]


• 
  Al Leiter (born 1965), former MLB pitcher who played for both the New York Mets and New York Yankees.^[249]


• 
  MJ Long (1939–2018), architect, lecturer and author, best known for her work as a principal architect partner on the British Library in London, together with her husband.^[250]


• 
  Hamilton Wright Mabie (1846–1916), author, lived in Summit.^[251]


• 
  Holbrook Mann MacNeille (1907–1973), mathematician who led military research teams before directing the American Mathematical Society.^[252]


• 
  Tim Mahoney (born 1956), former U.S. Representative from Florida's 16th congressional district.^[253]


• 
  Eli Manning (born 1981), New York Giants quarterback.^[254]


• 
  Richard McGee Morse (1922–2001), scholar of Latin American studies.^[255]


• 
  Eric Munoz (1947–2009), member of the New Jersey General Assembly who died in office.^[256]


• 
  Nancy Munoz (born 1954), member of the New Jersey General Assembly who took office following her husband's death.^[257]


• 
  Heidi Neumark (born 1954), pastor and spiritual writer.^[258]


• 
  Ryan O'Malley (born 1993), tight end with the Oakland Raiders of the NFL.^[259]


• 
  Thomas E. O'Shea (1895–1918), United States Army corporal awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously for his actions during World War I.^[260]


• 
  Margareta Pâslaru (born 1943), Romanian singer.^[261]


• 
  Stephen Paulus (1949–2014), composer.^[262]


• 
  Christopher Porrino (born 1967), lawyer who became New Jersey Attorney General in 2016.^[263]


• 
  Jeff Porter (born 1985), track and field athlete who competes in the 110-meter hurdles and was named as part of the U.S. team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.^[264]


• 
  Joe Porter (born 1985), professional football player.^[265]


• 
  Monroe Jackson Rathbone II (1900–1976), chemical engineer and businessman who was the chairman, president, and CEO of Standard Oil of New Jersey.^[266]


• 
  Dennis Ritchie (1941–2011), creator of the C programming language and co-inventor of the UNIX operating system.^[267]


• 
  Bill Robinson (born 1929), jazz singer.^[268]


• 
  David D. Rudolph (born 1949), member of the Maryland House of Delegates.^[269]


• 
  George Erik Rupp (born 1942), former President of Rice University and Columbia University, who has headed the International Rescue Committee since 2002.^[270]


• 
  Rex Ryan (born 1962), head coach of the Buffalo Bills.^[271]


• 
  Eli Sagan (1927–2015), clothing manufacturer, author, George McGovern campaign staffer, and member of Richard Nixon's Enemies List.^[272]


• 
  C. Thomas Schettino (1907–1983), Associate Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court from 1959 to 1972.^[273]


• 
  Craig Schiffer (born 1956), former Chief Executive Officer of the Americas of Dresdner Kleinwort.^[274]


• 
  Herb Schmidt, soccer and lacrosse coach at Penn State University.^[275]


• 
  James Sie (born 1962), voice actor.^[276]


• 
  Scott Smith (born 1965), author of the novel A Simple Plan and the script of the film of the same name.^[277]


• 
  Joseph Stamler (1911–1988), New Jersey Superior Court judge and professor at Rutgers University.^[278]


• 
  Meryl Streep (born 1949), actress, winner of three Academy Awards, 21-time Oscar nominee.^[279]


• 
  Tom Terrell (1950–2007), music journalist.^[280]


• 
  James Valenti (born 1977), operatic tenor.^[281]


• 
  Arthur K. Watson (1919–1974), IBM executive and United States Ambassador to France.^[282]


• 
  Gerard Way (born 1977), singer-songwriter, who was co-founder of the band My Chemical Romance.^[283]


• 
  Kai Wehmeier (born 1968), logician and philosopher at the University of California, Irvine.^[284]


• 
  Meredith Whitney (born 1969), award-winning stock analyst who predicted the 2007–2008 banking crisis.^[285]


• 
  Worthington Whittredge (1820–1910), landscape artist and important member of the Hudson River School.^[286]


• 
  Robert R. Williams (1886–1965), chemist who was the first to synthesize thiamine.^[287]


• 
  Willie Wilson (born 1955), retired professional baseball player who won the AL batting title and who was a two-time All-Star for the Kansas City Royals.^[288]


• 
  Nick Wyman (born 1950), actor and president of Actors' Equity Association.^[289]

Points of interest

• 
  Watchung Reservation - Borders Summit to the south


• Downtown Summit has a variety of restaurants of different cuisines.


• Memorial Field has a number of athletic fields and courts.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Summit, New Jersey.

General

• Official City of Summit Website


• 
  Suburban Chamber of Commerce (includes Summit)


• Summit Historical Society


• 
  HomeTowne Television, local cable TV provider, who is located in Summit, for Summit and surrounding municipalities


• 
  Summit, New Jersey, at City-Data

Youth sports

• 
  Summit Soccer Club, a nonprofit youth soccer program


• Summit Lacrosse Club

Schools

• HudsonWay Immersion School