Northern Dobruja




Map of Romania with Northern Dobrudja highlighted in orange.


Northern Dobruja (Romanian: Dobrogea; Bulgarian: Северна Добруджа, Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, bordered in the south by Southern Dobruja, which is part of Bulgaria.




Contents





  • 1 History


  • 2 Geography

    • 2.1 Cities


    • 2.2 Rivers


    • 2.3 Lakes


    • 2.4 Danube Delta



  • 3 Demographics


  • 4 Symbols


  • 5 References




History


Main article: History of Dobruja



Protected archaeological and natural areas in Romanian Dobruja.


Around 600 BC, the Greeks colonized the Black Sea shore and founded numerous fortress: Tomis (today's Constanta), Callatis, Histria, Argamum, Heracleea, Aegysus.
After Greek civilization faded, Dobruja became a Roman province. One of the best preserved remnants of this period is the Enisala citadel.[1]


Between the 7th and 14th century, Dobruja was part of the First Bulgarian Empire and the Second Bulgarian Empire.


For a short period in the 14th century, Dobruja became part of Wallachia under the rule of voivode Mircea the Elder. However, the territory fell under Ottoman rule from the mid-15th century until 1878, when it was awarded to Romania for its role in the 1877-78 Russo-Turkish War, and as compensation for the transfer of a region partly overlapping the South Bessarabia.[2] Under the treaties of San Stefano and Berlin, Romania received Northern Dobruja while the newly restored Principality of Bulgaria received the smaller southern part of the region. After the Second Balkan War in 1913, Romania also annexed the Bulgarian Southern Dobruja, which it ruled until the signing of the 1940 Treaty of Craiova. The treaty was approved by Britain,[3]Vichy France, Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union and the United States.[4]



Geography


The territory of Northern Dobruja now forms the counties of Constanța and Tulcea, with a total area of 15,500 km² and a current population of slightly under 900,000.[5]



Cities


  • Constanța

  • Tulcea

  • Medgidia

  • Mangalia


Rivers


  • Casimcea

  • Slava

  • Taița

  • Telița


Lakes


  • Crapina Lake

  • Jijiei Lake

  • Traian Lake

  • Babadag Lake

  • Razim Lake

  • Zmeica Lake

  • Sinoe Lake

  • Tașaul Lake

  • Techirghiol Lake


Danube Delta


Main article: Danube Delta

The Danube Delta consists of numerous lakes. The most important ones are:


  • Roșu

  • Isac

  • Gorgova

  • Furtuna

  • Ledeanca

  • Tatanir

  • Merhel

  • Matița

  • Uzlina

  • Dranov

  • Lumina

  • Puiu

  • Puiuleț


Demographics





































































































































Ethnicity
1878[6]1880[7]1899[7]1913[8]19301[9]1956[10]1966[10]1977[10]1992[10]2002[10]2011[5]
All
225,692
139,671
258,242
380,430
437,131
593,659
702,461
863,348
1,019,766
971,643
897,165
Romanian
46,504 (21%)
43,671 (31%)
118,919 (46%)
216,425 (56.8%)
282,844 (64.7%)
514,331 (86.6%)
622,996 (88.7%)
784,934 (90.9%)
926,608 (90.8%)
883,620 (90.9%)
751,250 (83.7%)
Bulgarian
30,177 (13,3%)
24,915 (17%)
38,439 (14%)
51,149 (13.4%)
42,070 (9.6%)
749 (0.13%)
524 (0.07%)
415 (0.05%)
311 (0.03%)
135 (0.01%)
58 (0.01%)
Turkish
48,783 (21,6%)
18,624 (13%)
12,146 (4%)
20,092 (5.3%)
21,748 (5%)
11,994 (2%)
16,209 (2.3%)
21,666 (2.5%)
27,685 (2.7%)
27,580 (2.8%)
22,500 (2.5%)
Tatar
71,146 (31,5%)
29,476 (21%)
28,670 (11%)
21,350 (5.6%)
15,546 (3.6%)
20,239 (3.4%)
21,939 (3.1%)
22,875 (2.65%)
24,185 (2.4%)
23,409 (2.4%)
19,720 (2.2%)
Russian-Lipovan
12,748 (5,6%)
8,250 (6%)
12,801 (5%)
35,859 (9.4%)
26,210 (6%)²
29,944 (5%)
30,509 (4.35%)
24,098 (2.8%)
26,154 (2.6%)
21,623 (2.2%)
13,910 (1.6%)
Ruthenian
(Ukrainian from 1956)

455 (0.3%)
13,680 (5%)
33 (0.01%)
7,025 (1.18%)
5,154 (0.73%)
2,639 (0.3%)
4,101 (0.4%)
1,465 (0.1%)
1,177 (0.1%)

Dobrujan Germans
1,134 (0,5%)
2,461 (1.7%)
8,566 (3%)
7,697 (2%)
12,023 (2.75%)
735 (0.12%)
599 (0.09%)
648 (0.08%)
677 (0.07%)
398 (0.04%)
166 (0.02%)
Greek
3,480 (1,6%)
4,015 (2.8%)
8,445 (3%)
9,999 (2.6%)
7,743 (1.8%)
1,399 (0.24%)
908 (0.13%)
635 (0.07%)
1,230 (0.12%)
2,270 (0.23%)
1,447 (0.16%)
Roma

702 (0.5%)
2,252 (0.87%)
3,263 (0.9%)
3,831 (0.88%)
1,176 (0.2%)
378 (0.05%)
2,565 (0.3%)
5,983 (0.59%)
8,295 (0.85%)
11,977 (1.3%)

1According to the 1926–1938 Romanian administrative division (counties of Constanța and Tulcea), which excluded a part of today's Romania (chiefly the communes of Ostrov and Lipnița, now part of Constanța County) and included a part of today's Bulgaria (parts of General Toshevo and Krushari municipalities)


2Only Russians. (Russians and Lipovans counted separately)


Symbols




Coat of arms of the Romanian Dobruja


Northern Dobruja is represented by two dolphins in the Coat of arms of Romania.


Starting with 2015, Romania observes Dobruja Day on November 14, marking the 1878 incorporation of Northern Dobruja into the Kingdom of Romania after the Treaty of Berlin.[11]



References




  1. ^ Dobrogea fortresses and history


  2. ^ Woolf, Stuart Joseph (December 21, 1995). Nationalism in Europe, 1815 to the present: a reader. Routledge. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-415-12563-5..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  3. ^ The New York Times, July 26, 1940, "Britain recognizes the "fundamental justice" of Bulgaria's claim against Rumania for return of the wheat-growing section of Southern Dobruja"


  4. ^ Кузманова, Антонина. От Ньой до Крайова. Въпросът за Южна Добруджа в международните отношения /1919-1940/, София 1989, с. 287-288.


  5. ^ ab 2011 census results per county, cities and towns "Populația stabilă pe sexe, după etnie – categorii de localități, macroregiuni, regiuni de dezvoltare și județe" (XLS) (in Romanian). Institutul Național de Statistică. Retrieved 2015-11-20.


  6. ^ K. Karpat, : Correspondance Politique des Consuls. Turguie (Tulqa). 1 (1878) 280-82


  7. ^ ab G. Dănescu, Dobrogea (La Dobroudja). Étude de Géographie physique et ethnographique


  8. ^ Roman, I. N. (1919). "La population de la Dobrogea. D'apres le recensement du 1er janvier 1913". In Demetrescu, A. La Dobrogea Roumaine. Études et documents (in French). Bucarest. OCLC 80634772.


  9. ^ Calculated from results of the 1930 census per county, taken from Mănuilă, Sabin (1939). La Population de la Dobroudja (in French). Bucarest: Institut Central de Statistique. OCLC 1983592.


  10. ^ abcde Calculated from statistics for the counties of Tulcea and Constanța from "Populația după etnie la recensămintele din perioada 1930–2002, pe judete" (PDF) (in Romanian). Guvernul României — Agenția Națională pentru Romi. pp. 5–6, 13–14. Retrieved 2007-05-02.


  11. ^ "The Law No. 230/2015 regarding the Declaration of November 14 as Dobruja Day" (in Romanian). Monitorul Oficial. 6 October 2015.










-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

How to read a connectionString WITH PROVIDER in .NET Core?

圖片
6 I added .AddJsonFile("Connections.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true) in public Startup(IHostingEnvironment env) Connections.json contains: "ConnectionStrings": "DefaultConnection": "Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=DATABASE;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true", "COR-W81-101": "Data Source=DATASOURCE;Initial Catalog=P61_CAFM_Basic;User Id=USERID;Password=PASSWORD;Persist Security Info=False;MultipleActiveResultSets=False;Packet Size=4096;", "COR-W81-100": "Data Source=DATASOURCE;Initial Catalog=Post_PS;User Id=USERID;Password=PASSWORD;Persist Security Info=False;MultipleActiveResultSets=False;Packet Size=4096;", "MSEDGEWIN10": "Data Source=DATASOURCE; Initial Catalog=COR_Basic; Persist Security Info=False;Integrated Security=true;MultipleActiveResultSets=False;Packet Size=4096;Application Name="COR_Basic"", "server...
閱讀完整內容

Node.js Script on GitHub Pages or Amazon S3

圖片
0 I'm wondering if I can run a Node.js script in my Jekyll page from GitHub Pages or Amazon S3? I think it can't run on GitHub Pages since it doesn't support server side code. Not too sure. The code is below: var Airtable = require('airtable'); var base = new Airtable(apiKey: 'YOUR_API_KEY').base('appAnZVyYqusNPV5Q'); base('Invitee list').select( // Selecting the first 3 records in Complete list: maxRecords: 3, view: "Complete list" ).eachPage(function page(records, fetchNextPage) // This function (`page`) will get called for each page of records. records.forEach(function(record) console.log('Retrieved', record.get('Email')); ); // To fetch the next page of records, call `fetchNextPage`. // If there are more records, `page` will get called again. // If there are no more records, `done` will get called. fetchNextPage(); , function done(err) if (err) console.error(err); return; ); node.js ...
閱讀完整內容

Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Trento and Rovereto

圖片
Art museum in Rovereto TN, Italy Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Trento and Rovereto Museo d'arte moderna e contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto MART, Entrance Location Corso Angelo Bettini, 43, 38068 Rovereto TN, Italy Coordinates 45°53′38″N 11°02′42″E  /  45.8940°N 11.0450°E  / 45.8940; 11.0450 Coordinates: 45°53′38″N 11°02′42″E  /  45.8940°N 11.0450°E  / 45.8940; 11.0450 Type Art museum Director Gianfranco Maraniello Public transit access Trento train station. Taxis outside station. Website mart.trento.it The Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Trento and Rovereto (MART) ( Museo d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto , in Italian) is a museum centre in the Italian province of Trento. The main site is in Rovereto, and contains mostly modern and contemporary artworks, including works from renowned Giorgio Morandi, Giorgio de...
閱讀完整內容