A genus of flowering plants belonging to the broomrape family
Broomrape
Naked broomrape (Orobanche uniflora)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Lamiales
Family:
Orobanchaceae
Genus:
Orobanche
L.
Species
See text.
Orobanche (broomrape or broom-rape) is a genus of over 200 species of parasitic herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae, mostly native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere.[1] Some species formerly included in this genus are now referred to the genus Conopholis. The broomrape plant is small, from 10–60 cm tall depending on species. It is best recognized by its yellow- to straw-coloured stems completely lacking chlorophyll, bearing yellow, white, or blue snapdragon-like flowers. The flower shoots are scaly, with a dense terminal spike of between ten and twenty flowers in most species, although single in O. uniflora. The leaves are merely triangular scales. The seeds are minute, tan-to-brown, and blacken with age. These plants generally flower from late winter to late spring. When they are not flowering, no part of the plants is visible above the surface of the soil.
As they have no chlorophyll, they are totally dependent on other plants for nutrients. Broomrape seeds remain dormant in the soil, often for many years, until stimulated to germinate by certain compounds produced by living plant roots.[2] Broomrape seedlings put out a root-like growth, which attaches to the roots of nearby hosts. Once attached to a host, the broomrape robs its host of water and nutrients.
Some species are only able to parasitise a single plant species, such as ivy broomrape Orobanche hederae, which is restricted to parasitising ivy; these species are often named after the plant they parasitise. Others can infect several genera, such as the lesser broomrape O. minor, which lives on clover and other related Fabaceae.
Branched broomrape Orobanche ramosa, native to central and southwestern Europe but widely naturalised elsewhere, is considered a major threat to crops in some areas. Plants that it parasitizes are tomato, eggplant, potato, cabbage, coleus, bell pepper, sunflower, celery, and beans. In heavily infested areas, branched broomrape can cause total crop failure.
The stems of Orobanche crenata, a species parasitic on the fava bean, are gathered and eaten in the region of Apulia, in southern Italy, where they are given the name of sporchia.[3]
Contents
1Etymology
2Selected species
3References
4External links
Etymology
The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek ὄροβος (orobos, “bitter vetch”) + ἄγχω (ankhō, “strangle”).[4] The common English name comes from the English word broom, and the Latin rapum ("tuber").[5]
Selected species
(Note: this list includes names of more recently described species that may, under further taxonomic scrutiny, prove to be synonyms.)
^Beck-Mannagetta, G. (1930) Orobanchaceae. In Engler, A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich 4: 1-348. (Engelmann:Leipzig).
^Yoder, J.I. (2001) Host-plant recognition by parasitic Scrophulariaceae. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 4:359-365.
^Luard, E. European peasant cookery, Grub Street, 2004, p.380
^Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art (1868). Report & transactions. p. 256..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^"Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, rāpum". www.perseus.tufts.edu.
^GRIN. "Species in GRIN for genus Orobanche". Taxonomy for Plants. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland: USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2009.
^"Plant Name Query Results for Orobanche". IPNI. Retrieved November 1, 2009.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orobanche.
Wikispecies has information related to Orobanche
Control of Branched Broomrape: A Literature Review
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Dutch intervention in Lombok and Karangasem (1894) Attack of the Dutch on a Balinese stronghold in Lombok in 1894. Date July–November 1894 Location Lombok Result Decisive Dutch victory. Dutch control of Lombok and Karangasem. Belligerents Netherlands Eastern Sasak Lombok Mataram Western Sasak Commanders and leaders General-Major Jacobus Augustinus Vetter (Commander) General-Major P.P.H. van Ham (Second in command) † Strength 2,200 (July expedition) Casualties and losses 500 (August 1894) 166 (November 1894) Thousands v t e Dutch interventions in Bali Northern Bali (1846) Northern Bali (1848) Bali (1849) Lombok and Karangasem (1894) Southern Bali (1906) Southern Bali (1908) v t e Dutch colonial campaigns 17th Century Bantam (1601) Malacca (1606) Cape Rachado (1606) Banda Islands (1621) Macau (1622) Pescadores (1622–1624) Bahia (1624) Persian Gulf (1625) Elmina (1625) Cuba (1628) Recife (1630) Albrolhos (1631) Liaoluo Bay (1633) Taiwan (1635–36) Lamey...
This article is about the Crown dependencies. For the islands off Southern California, see Channel Islands (California). For the French Channel Islands, see Chausey. Channel Islands Îles Anglo-Normandes (French) Îles d'la Manche (Norman) Satellite photo of the Channel Islands in 2012 Location of the Channel Islands Geography Location Western Europe Coordinates 49°26′N 2°19′W / 49.433°N 2.317°W / 49.433; -2.317 Coordinates: 49°26′N 2°19′W / 49.433°N 2.317°W / 49.433; -2.317 Adjacent bodies of water English Channel Total islands 8 inhabited Major islands Jersey and Guernsey Area 198 km 2 (76 sq mi) Highest point Les Platons Administration Bailiwick of Guernsey Capital and largest settlement Saint Peter Port, Guernsey Area covered 78 km 2 (30 sq mi; 7001394000000000000♠ 39.4%) Bailiwick ...
