Sedum
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Sedum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Biting Stonecrop (Sedum acre) | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Core eudicots |
| Order: | Saxifragales |
| Family: | Crassulaceae |
| Subfamily: | Sedoideae |
| Tribe: | Sedeae |
| Subtribe: | Sedinae |
| Genus: | Sedum L.[1] |
| Species | |
Many, see text & Wikispecies for more. | |
Synonyms | |
| |
Sedum acre
Sedum caeruleum
Sedum dendroideum
Sedum glaucophyllum
Sedum ochroleucum
Sedum reflexum
Sedum spathulifolium
Sedum stenopetalum
Sedum lanceolatum
Sedum is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, members of which are commonly known as stonecrops. The genus has been described as containing up to 600 species[2] updated to 470.[3] They are leaf succulents found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, but extending into the southern hemisphere in Africa and South America.[3] The plants vary from annual and creeping herbs to shrubs. The plants have water-storing leaves. The flowers usually have five petals, seldom four or six. There are typically twice as many stamens as petals.
Various species formerly classified as Sedum are now in the segregate genera Hylotelephium and Rhodiola.
Well-known European species of Sedum are Sedum acre, Sedum album, Sedum dasyphyllum, Sedum reflexum (also known as Sedum rupestre) and Sedum hispanicum.
Contents
1 Taxonomy
1.1 Species
1.2 Formerly placed here
2 Ecology
3 Uses
3.1 Ornamental
3.2 As food
3.3 Roofing
4 References
5 External links
Taxonomy
Sedum demonstrates a wide variation in chromosome numbers, and polyploidy is common. Chromosome number is an important taxonomic feature. ('t Hart 1985) Linnaeus originally described 16 species of European Sedum.[4]
There are now thought to be approximately 55 European species.[5]
Species
Sedum acre L. – Wall-pepper, goldmoss sedum, goldmoss stonecrop, biting stonecrop- Sedum actinocarpum
Sedum aetnense Tin.
Sedum aizoon – Aizoon stonecrop- Sedum alamosanum
Sedum albomarginatum Clausen – Feather River stonecrop
Sedum album L. – White stonecrop- Sedum alfredii
Sedum allantoides
Sedum allantoides var. goldii
Sedum alpestre Vill.- Sedum alsinefolium
Sedum amplexicaule DC.
Sedum anacampseros – Love-restorer- Sedum andegavense
Sedum anglicum – English stonecrop
Sedum annuum L. – Annual stonecrop- Sedum aoikon
Sedum apoleipon 't Hart
Sedum atratum L. – Dark stonecrop- Sedum australe
- Sedum backebergii
- Sedum baileyi
- Sedum barbeyi
- Sedum batallae
- Sedum batesii
- Sedum beauverdii
- Sedum bellum
- Sedum bergeri
Sedum bithynicum – Turkish sedum- Sedum blepharophyllum
- Sedum bonnieri
- Sedum booleanum
- Sedum borissovae
- Sedum borschii
- Sedum botteri
- Sedum bourgaei
- Sedum brandtiana
- Sedum brevifolium
- Sedum bulbiferum
Sedum burrito – Baby burro's-tail- Sedum caducum
- Sedum caeruleum
Sedum caespitosum (Cav.) DC.- Sedum calcaratum
- Sedum calcicola
- Sedum candolleanum
- Sedum candollei
- Sedum catorce
- Sedum cauticola
- Sedum celatum
- Sedum celiae
Sedum cepaea L. – Pink stonecrop- Sedum cespitosum
Sedum chazaroi P.Carrillo & J.A. Lomelí- Sedum chauveaudii
- Sedum chihuahuense
- Sedum chingtungense
- Sedum chloropetalum
- Sedum chrysicaulum
- Sedum chuhsingense
- Sedum clausenii
- Sedum clavatum
- Sedum clavifolium
Sedum cockerellii Britt. – Cockerell's stonecrop- Sedum commixtum
- Sedum compactum
- Sedum compressum
- Sedum concarpum
- Sedum confertiflorum
Sedum confusum – Lesser Mexican-stonecrop- Sedum conzattii
Sedum confertiflorum Boiss.- Sedum copalense
- Sedum cormiferum
- Sedum correptum
- Sedum corynephyllum
- Sedum constantinii
- Sedum craigii
- Sedum crassularia
- Sedum cremnophila
- Sedum cremnophila
Sedum creticum Presl- Sedum cryptomerioides
- Sedum cupressoides
- Sedum cuspidatum
- Sedum cyaneum
- Sedum cymatophyllum
- Sedum cyprium
- Sedum daigremontanum
Sedum dasyphyllum L. – Thick-leaved stonecrop
Sedum debile S.Watson – Orpine stonecrop, weakstem stonecrop- Sedum decipiens
- Sedum decumbens
Sedum dendroideum Moc. & Sessé ex A.DC. – Tree stonecrop- Sedum didymocalyx
- Sedum dielsii
Sedum diffusum S.Watson- Sedum diminutum
- Sedum demorhpophyllum
- Sedum dispermum
Sedum divergens S.Watson – Spreading stonecrop- Sedum dongzhiense
- Sedum drymarioides
- Sedum dugueyi
- Sedum dulcinomen
Sedum eastwoodiae (Britt.) Berger – Red Mountain stonecrop
Sedum ellacombeanum – Stonecrop- Sedum ewersii
Sedum erythrostictum syn. Hylotelephium erythrostictum
Sedum fosterianum – Rock stonecrop- Sedum furfuraceum
Sedum glaucophyllum Clausen – Cliff stonecrop
Sedum grisebachii Boiss. & Heldr
Sedum havardii Rose – Havard's stonecrop
Sedum hernandezii - Jellybean plant- Sedum hirsutum
Sedum hispanicum L. – Spanish stonecrop
Sedum hybridum – Hybrid stonecrop
Sedum iaconicum Boiss.- Sedum iwarenge
Sedum japonicum – Tokyo Sun stonecrop
Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. – Orange stonecrop, Kamschatka stonecrop- Sedum kostovii
Sedum lampusae (Kotschy) Boiss.
Sedum lanceolatum Torr. – Lance-leaf stonecrop, lanceleaf stonecrop, spearleaf stonecrop
Sedum laxum (Britt.) Berger – Roseflower stonecrop
Sedum leibergii Britt. – Leiberg stonecrop- Sedum liebmannianum
Sedum lineare – Needle stonecrop
Sedum litoreum Guss.- Sedum lucidum
Sedum lydium – Least stonecrop
Sedum magellense Ten.
Sedum makinoi Golden Japanese sedum
Sedum mexicanum Britt. – Mexican stonecrop
Sedum microstachyum (Kotschy) Boiss. – Small-spiked stonecrop
Sedum moranense – Red stonecrop
Sedum moranense Kunth – Red stonecrop
Sedum moranii Clausen – Rogue River stonecrop
Sedum morganianum – Donkey tail, burro tail
Sedum multiceps – Pygmy Joshua tree, dwarf Joshua tree
Sedum nanifolium Fröd. – Dwarf stonecrop
Sedum nevii Gray – Nevius' stonecrop
Sedum niveum A.Davids. – Davidson's stonecrop
Sedum nussbaumerianum Bitter, syn. Sedum adolphi – Golden sedum
Sedum nuttallianum Raf. – Yellow stonecrop
Sedum oaxacanum Rose
Sedum oblanceolatum Clausen – Oblongleaf stonecrop
Sedum obtusatum Gray – Sierra stonecrop
Sedum obtusatum ssp. paradisum Denton – Paradise stonecrop
Sedum ochroleucum Chaix – European stonecrop
Sedum oreganum Nutt. – Oregon stonecrop
Sedum oregonense (S.Watson) M.E.Peck – Cream stonecrop- Sedum pachyphyllum
- Sedum pallescens
Sedum pallidum Bieb.
Sedum palmeri S.Watson – Palmer's stonecrop
Sedum paradisum Denton – Canyon Creek stonecrop
Sedum pinetorum Brandeg. – Pine City stonecrop
Sedum plumbizincicola Wu, Liu, Zhou, Guo, Bi, Guo, Baker, Smith & Luo, 2013[6]
Sedum porphyreum Kotschy – Purple stonecrop
Sedum praealtum DC. – Greater Mexican stonecrop, green cockscomb
Sedum pulchellum Michx. – Widow's-cross
Sedum pusillum Michx. – Granite stonecrop
Sedum radiatum S.Watson – Coast Range stonecrop- Sedum reptans
Sedum rubens L.
Sedum rubrotinctum – Pork and beans, Christmas cheer, jellybeans
Sedum rupestre L. – Reflexed stonecrop, blue stonecrop, Jenny's stonecrop, prick-madam
Sedum rupicola G.N.Jones – Curvedleaf stonecrop
Sedum rupicolum G.N.Jones
Sedum samium Runemark & Greuter
Sedum sarmentosum Bunge – Stringy stonecrop
Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pau Pale stonecrop
Sedum sexangulare – Tasteless stonecrop
Sedum sieboldii – Siebold's stonecrop- Sedum smallii
Sedum spathulifolium Hook. – Broadleaf stonecrop, Colorado stonecrop
Sedum spurium – Caucasian stonecrop, Dragon's blood sedum, two-row stonecrop
Sedum stahlii – Coral beads
Sedum stefco Stef.
Sedum stellatum L. – Starry stonecrop
Sedum stelliforme S.Watson – Huachuca Mountain stonecrop
Sedum stenopetalum Pursh – Wormleaf stonecrop, yellow stonecrop
Sedum stoloniferum Gmel. – Lesser Caucasian stonecrop, stolon stonecrop
Sedum telephium L.
Sedum ternatum Michx. – Woodland stonecrop- Sedum takesimense
- Sedum telephium
- Sedum torulosum
Sedum tristriatum Boiss. & Heldr.
Sedum tuberiferum Stoj. & Stef.
Sedum tymphaeum Quezel & Contandriopoulos- Sedum uniflorum
Sedum urvillei DC.
Sedum valens[7]
Sedum villosum – Hairy stonecrop, purple stonecrop- Sedum weinbergii
Sedum wrightii Gray – Wright's stonecrop
Formerly placed here
Hylotelephium telephium ssp. maximum, formerly placed in Sedum
Now in Dudleya:
Dudleya caespitosa (as S. cotyledon)
Dudleya edulis (as S. edule)
Now in Hylotelephium:
Hylotelephium spectabile (as S. spectabile)
Hylotelephium telephioides (as S. telephioides)
Now in Rhodiola:
Rhodiola rhodantha (as S. rhodanthum)
Rhodiola rosea (as S. rhodiola, S. roanense, S. rosea)
Rhodiola pachyclados ( S. pachyclados)
Ecology
Sedum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Grey Chi. In particular, Sedum spathulifolium is the host plant of the endangered San Bruno elfin butterfly of San Mateo County, California.[citation needed]Sedum lanceolatum is the host plant of the more common Parnassius smintheus found in the Rocky Mountains.[8] As well as Sedum spathulifolium, many other species of Sedum serve the environmental role of host plants for butterflies. For example, the butterfly Callophrys xami uses several species of Sedum, such as Sedum allantoides, for suitable host plants.[9][10]
Uses
Ornamental
Many sedums are cultivated as garden plants, due to their interesting and attractive appearance and hardiness. The various species differ in their requirements; some are cold-hardy but do not tolerate heat, some require heat but do not tolerate cold.
Numerous hybrid cultivars have been developed, of which the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-
- 'Herbstfreude' ('Autumn Joy')[11]
- 'Bertram Anderson'[12]
- 'Matrona'[13]
- 'Ruby Glow'[14]
As food
Yellow stonecrop flowers
The leaves of most stonecrops are edible,[15] excepting Sedum rubrotinctum, although toxicity has also been reported in some other species.[16]
Sedum reflexum, known as "prickmadam", "stone orpine", or "crooked yellow stonecrop", is occasionally used as a salad leaf or herb in Europe, including the United Kingdom.[17] It has a slightly astringent sour taste.
Sedum divergens, known as "spreading stonecrop", was eaten by First Nations people in Northwest British Columbia. The plant is used as a salad herb by the Haida and the Nisga'a people. It is common in the Nass Valley of British Columbia.[18]
Biting Stonecrop (Sedum acre) contains high quantities of piperidine alkaloids (namely (+)-sedridine, (−)-sedamine, sedinone and isopelletierine), which give it a sharp, peppery, acrid taste and make it somewhat toxic.
Roofing
Sedum can be used to provide a roof covering in green roofs,[19] where they are preferred to grasses.[20] Ford's Dearborn Truck Plant's living roof has 454,000 square feet (42,200 m2) of sedum[21]. Rolls-Royce Motor Cars plant in Goodwood, England, has a 242,000 square feet (22,500 m2) roof complex covered in Sedum, the largest in the United Kingdom.[22] Nintendo of America's roof is covered in some 75,000 square feet (7,000 m2) of Sedum.[23] The Javits Center in New York City is covered with 292,000 square feet (27,100 m2) of Sedum. [24]
References
^ "Sedum L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-11-03. Retrieved 2010-04-28..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ Hideaki Ohba. The taxonomic status of Sedum telephium and its allied species (Crassulaceae). Shokubutsu-gaku-zasshi March 1977, Volume 90, Issue 1, pp 41-56
^ ab Kunjun Fu, Hideaki Ohba, and Michael G. Gilbert, "Sedum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 430. 1753", Flora of China onlineCS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
^ H. 't Hart and C. E. Jarvis. Typification of Linnaeus's Names for European Species of Sedum subgen. Sedum (Crassulaceae) Taxon Vol. 42, No. 2 (May, 1993), pp. 399-410
^ H. 't Hart. Chromosome Numbers in Sedum (Crassulaceae) from Greece. Willdenowia Bd. 15, H. 1 (Jul. 30, 1985), pp. 115-135
^ Wu; Liu; Zhou; Guo; Bi; Guo; Baker; Smith; Luo (2013). "Sedum plumbizincicola X.H. Guo et S.B. Zhou ex L.H. Wu (Crassulaceae): a new species from Zhejiang Province, China". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 299 (3): 487–498. doi:10.1007/s00606-012-0738-x.
^ Björk, C. (2010). "Sedum valens (Crassulaceae), a new species from the Salmon River Canyon of Idaho". Madroño 57:2 136.
^ Doyle, Amanda. "The roles of temperature and host plant interactions in larval development and population ecology of Parnassius smintheus Doubleday, the Rocky Mountain Apollo butterfly" (PDF). University of Alberta. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
^ Opler, Paul A. (1999). A Field Guide to Western Butterflies. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 218–219. ISBN 0395791510.
^ Ziegler, J. Benjamin; Escalante, Tarsicio (1964). "Observations on the Life History of Callophrys Xami (Lycaenidae)" (PDF). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 18 (2): 85–89.
^ "RHS Plant Selector - Sedum 'Herbstfreude'". Retrieved 3 June 2013.
^ "RHS Plant Selector - Sedum 'Bertram Anderson'". Retrieved 3 June 2013.
^ "RHS Plant Selector - Sedum 'Matrona'". Retrieved 3 June 2013.
^ "RHS Plant Selector - Sedum 'Ruby Glow'". Retrieved 3 June 2013.
^ Plants of Coastal British Columbia, including Washington, Oregon, & Alaska, 2004, Jim Pojar and Andy MacKinnon, p. 157
^ http://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/all/sedum-spp/
^ "Sedum rupestre - L. Crooked Yellow Stonecrop". Plants for a Future. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
^ Plants of Coastal British Columbia, including Washington, Oregon, & Alaska, 2004, Jim Pojar and Andy MacKinnon, p. 156
^ Monterusso, M. A.; Rowe, D. B.; Rugh, C. L. "Establishment and persistence of Sedum spp. and native taxa for green roof applications". American Society for Horticultural Science.
^ Kalinowski, Tess (August 4, 2009). "Green roof takes root at Eglinton West". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
^ http://www.greenroofs.com/projects/ford-motor-companys-river-rouge-truck-plant/
^ "Rolls-Royce - Made in Sussex". Sussex Life. October 25, 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
^ Stephen Totilo (August 25, 2011). "The Coolest Things in Nintendo's American Headquarters (And One Uncool Thing)". Kotaku.
^ "NYREJ Project of the Month: FXFOWLE, Epstein and Tishman complete renovation/ expansion of $465 million Jacob K. Javits Convention Center". New York Real Estate Journal. December 9, 2013.
External links
 | Look up sedum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Media related to Sedum at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Sedum at Wikispecies
"Sedum". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.- Drought Smart Plants
- Sedum Society
- Sedum
- Yellow Stonecrop
Media related to Sedum at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Sedum at Wikispecies
"Sedum". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
