Khakassia
Republic of Khakassia Республика Хакасия (Russian) Хакас Республиказы (Khakas) | |||||
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| — Republic — | |||||
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| Anthem: Xakas gįmn (State Anthem of the Republic of Khakassia) [1] | |||||
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| Coordinates: 53°30′N 90°00′E / 53.500°N 90.000°E / 53.500; 90.000Coordinates: 53°30′N 90°00′E / 53.500°N 90.000°E / 53.500; 90.000 | |||||
| Political status | |||||
| Country | Russia | ||||
| Federal district | Siberian[2] | ||||
| Economic region | East Siberian[3] | ||||
| Established | July 3, 1991[4] | ||||
| Capital | Abakan[5] | ||||
| Government (as of June 2015) | |||||
| • Head[7] | Valentin Konovalov[6] | ||||
| • Legislature | Supreme Council[8] | ||||
| Statistics | |||||
Area (as of the 2002 Census)[9] | |||||
| • Total | 61,900 km2 (23,900 sq mi) | ||||
| Area rank | 46th | ||||
Population (2010 Census)[10] | |||||
| • Total | 532,403 | ||||
| • Rank | 70th | ||||
| • Density[11] | 8.6/km2 (22/sq mi) | ||||
| • Urban | 67.3% | ||||
| • Rural | 32.7% | ||||
Population (January 2014 est.) | |||||
| • Total | 534,079[12] | ||||
Time zone(s) | KRAT (UTC+07:00)[13] | ||||
| ISO 3166-2 | RU-KK | ||||
| License plates | 19 | ||||
| Official languages | Russian;[14] Khakas[15] | ||||
| Official website | |||||
The Republic of Khakassia (Russian: Респу́блика Хака́сия, tr. Respúblika Khakásiya, pronounced [rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə xɐˈkasʲɪjə]; Khakas: Хака́с Респу́бликазы, tr. Khakás Respúblikazy), or simply Khakassia (Russian: Хака́сия; Khakas: Хака́сия) is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia. Its capital city is Abakan, which is also the largest city in the republic. As of the 2010 Census, the republic's population was 532,403.[10]
Contents
1 Geography
2 History
3 Administrative divisions
4 Demographics
4.1 Vital statistics
4.2 Ethnic groups
4.3 Religion
5 Economy
6 Sports
7 Views of Khakassia
8 See also
9 References
9.1 Notes
9.2 Sources
Geography
The republic is located in the southwestern part of Eastern Siberia and borders Krasnoyarsk Krai in the north and east, the Tuva Republic in the southeast and south, the Altai Republic in the south and southwest, and Kemerovo Oblast in the west and northwest. It stretches for 460 kilometers (290 mi) from north to south and for 200 kilometers (120 mi) from east to west. Mountains (eastern slopes of Kuznetsk Alatau and the Abakan Range) cover two-thirds of the republic's territory and serve as the natural boundaries of the republic. The remaining territory is flat, with the Minusinsk Hollow being the most prominent feature. The Yenisei is the largest river in the republic. Other significant rivers include the Abakan, and the Chulym between the Yenisei and the eastern mountains. There are over three hundred lakes in the republic, both salt- and fresh-water. Climate is continental, with the average annual temperature of 0 °C (32 °F). Natural resources are abundant and include iron, gold, silver, coal, oil, and natural gas. Molybdenum deposits are the largest in Russia. Forests cover the south and the west of the republic.
History
The territory of modern Khakassia was the core of the old Yenisei Kirghiz state from the 6th century CE. In the 13th century, following a defeat by the Mongols, the majority of the Kyrgyz people migrated southwest to Central Asia to what now is Kyrgyzstan. Modern Khakas people regard themselves as the descendants of those Kyrgyz who remained in Siberia. Khakassia was incorporated into the Russian state under Peter the Great. This incorporation was confirmed in a treaty between Russia and China in 1729. As it was common to deport convicted criminals from European Russia to Siberia, forts were quickly constructed in Khakassia (1707 and 1718). Many prisoners remained even after release. Many of the indigenous Khakas people converted to the Russian Orthodox faith and gradually abandoned their nomadic way of life.
By the time of the 1917 Russian Revolution, Russians made up approximately half of the population. Under Soviet rule, autonomy was granted on October 20, 1930, when Khakas Autonomous Oblast was established. The borders of the autonomy are the same as the borders of the modern Khakas Republic.
During the 1920s and 1930s, the Soviet authorities resettled an estimated quarter of a million Russians in the region. These were followed by 10,000 Volga Germans deported in World War II. By the time of the 1959 Census, ethnic Khakas people represented little more than 10% of the population.
Until 1991, Khakas Autonomous Oblast was administratively subordinated to Krasnoyarsk Krai. In July 1991, it was elevated in status to that of a Soviet socialist republic, and in February 1992 it became the Republic of Khakassia.
Administrative divisions
Map of the Republic of Khakassia
Demographics
Population: 532,403 (2010 Census);[10]546,072 (2002 Census);[16]568,605 (1989 Census).[17]
Vital statistics
- Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service
| Average population (x 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Fertility rates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 448 | 7,347 | 3,749 | 3,598 | 16.4 | 8.4 | 8.0 | |
| 1975 | 476 | 9,106 | 4,485 | 4,621 | 19.1 | 9.4 | 9.7 | |
| 1980 | 508 | 9,994 | 5,345 | 4,649 | 19.7 | 10.5 | 9.2 | |
| 1985 | 541 | 10,382 | 5,546 | 4,836 | 19.2 | 10.3 | 8.9 | |
| 1990 | 572 | 8,724 | 6,060 | 2,664 | 15.3 | 10.6 | 4.7 | 2,27 |
| 1991 | 573 | 8,114 | 6,195 | 1,919 | 14.2 | 10.8 | 3.3 | 2,14 |
| 1992 | 574 | 6,917 | 6,843 | 74 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 0.1 | 1,81 |
| 1993 | 574 | 6,152 | 8,387 | - 2,235 | 10.7 | 14.6 | - 3.9 | 1,58 |
| 1994 | 572 | 6,219 | 9,426 | - 3,207 | 10.9 | 16.5 | - 5.6 | 1,57 |
| 1995 | 571 | 5,807 | 8,186 | - 2,379 | 10.2 | 14.3 | - 4.2 | 1,44 |
| 1996 | 569 | 5,727 | 8,093 | - 2,366 | 10.1 | 14.2 | - 4.2 | 1,40 |
| 1997 | 566 | 5,309 | 7,766 | - 2,457 | 9.4 | 13.7 | - 4.3 | 1,28 |
| 1998 | 563 | 5,602 | 7,821 | - 2,219 | 10.0 | 13.9 | - 3.9 | 1,34 |
| 1999 | 559 | 5,312 | 8,304 | - 2,992 | 9.5 | 14.8 | - 5.3 | 1,26 |
| 2000 | 556 | 5,634 | 8,104 | - 2,470 | 10.1 | 14.6 | - 4.4 | 1,32 |
| 2001 | 552 | 5,576 | 8,561 | - 2,985 | 10.1 | 15.5 | - 5.4 | 1,28 |
| 2002 | 547 | 6,118 | 9,280 | - 3,162 | 11.2 | 17.0 | - 5.8 | 1,39 |
| 2003 | 542 | 6,417 | 9,660 | - 3,243 | 11.8 | 17.8 | - 6.0 | 1,44 |
| 2004 | 539 | 6,453 | 8,763 | - 2,310 | 12.0 | 16.3 | - 4.3 | 1,43 |
| 2005 | 536 | 6,198 | 9,411 | - 3,213 | 11.6 | 17.6 | - 6.0 | 1,35 |
| 2006 | 533 | 6,465 | 7,927 | - 1,462 | 12.1 | 14.9 | - 2.7 | 1,40 |
| 2007 | 531 | 7,384 | 7,324 | 60 | 13.9 | 13.8 | 0.1 | 1,60 |
| 2008 | 531 | 7,935 | 7,427 | 508 | 14.9 | 14.0 | 1.0 | 1,72 |
| 2009 | 531 | 8,062 | 7,255 | 807 | 15.2 | 13.7 | 1.5 | 1,81 |
| 2010 | 532 | 8,010 | 7,373 | 637 | 15.0 | 13.8 | 1.2 | 1,80 |
| 2011 | 532 | 8,013 | 7,154 | 859 | 15.1 | 13.4 | 1.7 | 1,83 |
| 2012 | 533 | 8,534 | 7,137 | 1,397 | 16.0 | 13.4 | 2.6 | 2,00 |
| 2013 | 534 | 8,362 | 6,987 | 1,375 | 15.7 | 13.1 | 2.6 | 2,01 |
| 2014 | 535 | 8,145 | 6,999 | 1,146 | 15.2 | 13.1 | 2.1 | 2,01 |
| 2015 | 536 | 7,911 | 7,216 | 695 | 14.8 | 13.5 | 1.3 | 1,99 |
| 2016 | 537 | 7,592 | 6,869 | 723 | 14.1 | 12.8 | 1.3 | 1,96(e) |
| 2017 | 537 | 6,662 | 6,752 | -90 | 12.4 | 12.5 | -0.1 |
In 2007, the republic recorded a positive natural increase of population for the first time in many years (Although very small, less than +0.01% per year), being one of the 20 Russian regions to have a positive natural population growth rate.[18][19][20]
Ethnic groups
According to the 2010 Russian Census,[10] ethnic Russians make up 81.7% of the republic's population, while the ethnic Khakas are only 12.1%. Other groups include ethnic Germans (1.1%), Ukrainians (1%), Tatars (0.6%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.
| Ethnic group | 1926 census | 1939 census | 1959 census | 1970 census | 1979 census | 1989 census | 2002 census | 2010 census1 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Khakas | 44,219 | 49.8% | 45,799 | 16.8% | 48,512 | 11.8% | 54,750 | 12.3% | 57,281 | 11.5% | 62,859 | 11.1% | 65,421 | 12.0% | 63,643 | 12.1% |
Russians | 41,390 | 46.6% | 205,254 | 75.3% | 314,455 | 76.5% | 349,362 | 78.4% | 395,953 | 79.4% | 450,430 | 79.5% | 438,395 | 80.3% | 427,647 | 81.7% |
Germans | 46 | 0.1% | 333 | 0.1% | 10,512 | 2.6% | 10,547 | 2.4% | 11,130 | 2.2% | 11,250 | 2.0% | 9,161 | 1.7% | 5,976 | 1.1% |
Ukrainians | 836 | 0.9% | 7,788 | 2.9% | 14,630 | 3.6% | 9,480 | 2.1% | 10,398 | 2.1% | 13,223 | 2.3% | 8,360 | 1.5% | 5,039 | 1.0% |
| Others | 2,381 | 2.7% | 13,556 | 5.0% | 22,938 | 5.6% | 21,685 | 4.9% | 23,622 | 4.7% | 29,099 | 5.4% | 24,735 | 4.5% | 21,409 | 4.1% |
18,689 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[21] | ||||||||||||||||
Religion
According to a 2012 survey,[22] 31.6% of the population of Khakassia adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 6% are unaffiliated Christians, 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or are members of other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches. 2% of the population adheres to Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or Khakas Tengrism and folk religion, 1% to Islam, 1% to forms of Protestantism, 0.4% to forms of Hinduism (Vedism, Krishnaism or Tantrism) and another 0.4% to Tibetan Buddhism. In addition, 38% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 16% is atheist, and 2.6% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[22]
Economy
The main industries in the republic are coal mining, ore mining, and timber.
Sports
Sayany-Khakassia[24] has been playing in the highest division of Russian bandy, the Russian Bandy Super League, for a long time, but was relegated after the 2012–13 season. Now they play in the 2nd highest division.
Views of Khakassia
A view in Khakassia.
A megalith near the village of Safronov, Khakassia.
Sunset near the town of Askiz, Khakassia.
Rapeseed field in Khakassia.
Bely Iyus river.
See also
- List of Chairmen of the Supreme Council of Khakassia
- Music in Khakassia
- Altai-Sayan region
References
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Khakassia. |
Notes
^ Law #06-ZRKh
^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
^ Law #1539-I
^ Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia, Article 71
^ Official website of the Republic of Khakassia. Viktor Mikhaylovich Zimin Archived November 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine., Head of the Republic of Khakassia (in Russian)
^ Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia, Article 88
^ Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia, Article 72
^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ abcd Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
^ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
^ Republic of Khakassia Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2014 года и в среднем за 2013 год (in Russian)
^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №368-ФЗ от 11 октября 2018 г. «О внесении изменений в статью 5 Федерального закона "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #368-FZ of October 11, 2018 On Amending Article 5 of the Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
^ Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia, Article 69
^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
^ Постоянное население России на начало 2008 года - 142 миллиона человек. Demoscope.ru. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
^ В 2007 году естественная убыль снизилась до 478 тысяч человек, а миграционный прирост увеличился до 240 тысяч. Demoscope.ru. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
^ Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Gks.ru (2010-05-08). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
^ Перепись-2010: русских становится больше. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
^ abc "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
^ Official home page
Sources
Верховный Совет Республики Хакасия. №45 25 мая 1995 г. «Конституция Республики Хакасия», в ред. Конституционного закона №19-ЗРХ от 8 апреля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Конституцию Республики Хакасия». Вступил в силу 30 июня 1995 г. Опубликован: "Вестник Хакасии", №25, 1995. (Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia. #45 May 25, 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia, as amended by the Constitutional Law #19-ZRKh of April 8, 2015 On Amending the Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia. Effective as of June 30, 1995.).
Верховный Совет РСФСР. Закон №1539-I от 3 июля 1991 г. «О порядке преобразования Адыгейской, Горно-Алтайской, Карачаево-Черкесской и Хакасской автономных областей в Советские Социалистические Республики в составе РСФСР». (Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. Law #1539-I of July 3, 1991 On the Process of Transformation of Adyghe, Mountain Altai, Karachay-Cherkess, and Khakass Autonomous Oblasts into Soviet Socialist Republics Within the RSFSR. ).
Верховный Совет Республики Хакасия. Закон №06-ЗРХ от 11 февраля 2015 г. «О государственном гимне Республики Хакасия». Вступил в силу 14 февраля 2015 г. Опубликован: "Хакасия", №26, 14 февраля 2015 г. (Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia. Law #06-ZRKh of February 11, 2015 On the State Anthem of the Republic of Khakassia. Effective as of February 14, 2015.).
 | Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Khakassia. |
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