110 metres hurdles
Athletics 110 metres hurdles | |
|---|---|
 A 110m hs heat of the Decathlon at Osaka 2007. | |
| Men's records | |
| World |  Aries Merritt 12.80 (2012) |
| Olympic |  Liu Xiang 12.91 (2004) |
The 110 metres hurdles, or 110-meter hurdles, is a hurdling track and field event for men. It is included in the athletics programme at the Summer Olympic Games. The female counterpart is the 100 metres hurdles. As part of a racing event, ten hurdles of 1.067 metres (3.5 ft or 42 inches) in height are evenly spaced along a straight course of 110 metres. They are positioned so that they will fall over if bumped into by the runner. Fallen hurdles do not carry a fixed time penalty for the runners, but they have a significant pull-over weight which slows down the run. Like the 100 metres sprint, the 110 metres hurdles begins in the starting blocks.
For the 110 m hurdles, the first hurdle is placed after a run-up of 13.72 metres (45 ft) from the starting line. The next nine hurdles are set at a distance of 9.14 metres (30 ft) from each other, and the home stretch from the last hurdle to the finish line is 14.02 metres (46 ft) long.
The Olympic Games have included the 110 metre hurdles in their program since 1896. The equivalent hurdles race for women was run over a course of 80 metres from 1932 to 1968. Starting with the 1972 Summer Olympics, the women's race was set at 100 metres. In the early 20th century, the race was often contested as 120 yard hurdles, thus the imperial units distances between hurdles.
The fastest 110 metre hurdlers run the distance in around 13 seconds. Aries Merritt of the United States holds the current world record of 12.80 seconds, set at the Memorial Van Damme meet on 7 September 2012 in Belgium.
Contents
1 History
2 Technique
3 Milestones
4 All-time top 25 hurdlers
4.1 Notes
5 Most successful athletes
6 Olympic Games medalists
7 World Championships medalists
8 Season's bests
9 Notes and references
10 External links
History
For the first hurdles races in England around 1830, wooden barriers were placed along a stretch of 100 yards (91.44 m).
The first standards were attempted in 1864 in Oxford and Cambridge: The length of the course was set to 120 yards (109.7 m) and over its course, runners were required to clear ten 3 foot 6 inch (1.07 m) high hurdles. The height and spacing of the hurdles have been related to Imperial units ever since. After the length of the course was rounded up to 110 metres in France in 1888, the standards were pretty much complete (except for Germany where 1 metre high hurdles were used until 1907).
The massively constructed hurdles of the early days were first replaced in 1895 with somewhat lighter T-shaped hurdles that runners were able to knock over. However, until 1935 runners were disqualified if they knocked down more than three hurdles, and records were only recognized if the runner had left all hurdles standing.
In 1935 the T-shaped hurdles were replaced by L-shaped ones that easily fall forward if bumped into and therefore reduce the risk of injury. However those hurdles are weighted so it is disadvantageous to hit them.
The current running style where the first hurdle is taken on the run with the upper body lowered instead of being jumped over and with three steps each between the hurdles was first used by the 1900 Olympic champion, Alvin Kraenzlein.
The 110 metre hurdles have been an Olympic discipline since 1896. Women ran it occasionally in the 1920s but it never became generally accepted. From 1926 on, women have only run the 80 metre hurdles which was increased to 100 metres starting in 1961 on a trial basis and in 1969 in official competition.
In 1900 and 1904, the Olympics also included a 200-metre hurdles race, and the IAAF recognized world records for the 200 metre hurdles until 1960. Don Styron held the world record in the event for over 50 years until Andy Turner broke the record in a specially arranged race at the Manchester City Games in 2010. Styron still holds the world record in the 220 yard low hurdles.
Technique
The sprint hurdles are a very rhythmic race because both men and women take 3 steps (meaning 4 foot strikes) between each hurdle, no matter whether running 110/100 meters outdoors, or the shorter distances indoors (55 or 60 meters). In addition, the distance from the starting line to the first hurdle - while shorter for women - is constant for both sexes whether indoors or outdoors, so sprint hurdlers do not need to change their stride pattern between indoor and outdoor seasons. One difference between indoor and outdoors is the shorter finishing distance from the last (5th) hurdle indoors, compared to longer distance from the last (10th) hurdle outdoors to the finish line.
Top male hurdlers traditionally took 8 strides from the starting blocks to the first hurdle (indoors and outdoors). The 8-step start persisted from (at least) the 1950s to the end of the 20th century and included such World- and Olympic champions as Harrison Dillard, Rod Milburn, Greg Foster, Renaldo Nehemiah, Roger Kingdom, Allen Johnson, Mark Crear, Mark McCoy, and Colin Jackson. However, beginning in the 2000s, some hurdle coaches embraced a transition to a faster 7-step start, teaching the men to lengthen their first few strides out of the starting blocks. Cuban hurdler Dayron Robles set his 2008 world record of 12.87 using a 7-step start. Chinese star Liu Xiang won the 2004 Olympics and broke the world record in 2006 utilizing an 8-step approach, but he switched to 7-steps by the 2011 outdoor season. After the 2010 outdoor season, American Jason Richardson trained to switch to a 7-step start and went on to win the 2011 World Championship. American Aries Merritt trained in Fall 2011 to switch from 8 to 7, and then had his greatest outdoor season in 2012 - running 8 races in under 13 seconds - capped by winning the London 2012 Olympics and then setting a world record of 12.80.[1]
Of the 10 men with the fastest 110m hurdle times in 2012, seven used 7-steps, including the top 4: Aries Merritt, Liu Xiang, Jason Richardson, and David Oliver. Hurdle technique experts believe the off-season training required to produce the power and speed necessary to reach the first hurdle in 7 steps, yields greater endurance over the last half of the race. That added endurance allows hurdlers to maintain their top speed to the finish, resulting in a faster time.
Milestones
Liu Xiang was the first person to run under 12.9 seconds
- First official IAAF world record: 15.0 seconds, Forrest Smithson (USA), 1908
- First under 15 seconds: 14.8 seconds, Earl Thomson (CAN), 1920
- First under 14 seconds: 13.7 seconds, Forrest Towns (USA), 1936
- First under 13.5 seconds: 13.4 seconds, Jack Davis (USA), 1956
- First under 13 seconds: 12.93 seconds, Renaldo Nehemiah (USA), 1981
- First under 12.9 seconds: 12.88 seconds, Liu Xiang (CHN), 2006
All-time top 25 hurdlers
- Correct as of July 2018.[2]
| Rank | Time | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.80 | +0.3 | Aries Merritt (USA) | 7 September 2012 | Brussels | [3] |
| 2 | 12.87 | +0.9 |  Dayron Robles (CUB) | 12 June 2008 | Ostrava | |
| 3 | 12.88 | +1.1 | Liu Xiang (CHN) | 11 July 2006 | Lausanne | |
| 4 | 12.89 | +0.5 | David Oliver (USA) | 16 July 2010 | Paris | |
| 5 | 12.90 | +1.1 | Dominique Arnold (USA) | 11 July 2006 | Lausanne | |
| +0.7 |  Omar McLeod (JAM) | 24 June 2017 | Kingston | [4] | ||
| 7 | 12.91 | +0.5 |  Colin Jackson (GBR) | 20 August 1993 | Stuttgart | |
| 8 | 12.92 | −0.1 | Roger Kingdom (USA) | 16 August 1989 | Zürich | |
| +0.9 | Allen Johnson (USA) | 23 June 1996 | Atlanta | |||
| +0.2 | 23 August 1996 | Brussels | ||||
| +0.6 |  Sergey Shubenkov (RUS) | 2 July 2018 | Székesfehérvár | [5] | ||
| 11 | 12.93 | −0.2 | Renaldo Nehemiah (USA) | 19 August 1981 | Zürich | |
| 12 | 12.94 | +1.6 | Jack Pierce (USA) | 22 June 1996 | Atlanta | |
| +1.5 | Hansle Parchment (JAM) | 6 July 2014 | Paris | [6] | ||
| +0.5 | Orlando Ortega (CUB) | 4 July 2015 | Saint-Denis | [7] | ||
| 15 | 12.95 | +1.5 | Terrence Trammell (USA) | 2 June 2007 | New York City | |
| +0.3 |  Pascal Martinot-Lagarde (FRA) | 18 July 2014 | Monaco | [8] | ||
| 17 | 12.97 | +1.0 | Ladji Doucoure (FRA) | 15 July 2005 | Angers | |
| 18 | 12.98 | +0.6 | Mark Crear (USA) | 5 July 1999 | Zagreb | |
| +1.5 | Jason Richardson (USA) | 30 June 2012 | Eugene | |||
| 20 | 12.99 | +1.2 | Ronnie Ash (USA) | 29 June 2014 | Sacramento | [9] |
| 21 | 13.00 | +0.5 | Tony Jarrett (GBR) | 20 August 1993 | Stuttgart | |
| +0.6 | Anier Garcia (CUB) | 25 September 2000 | Sydney | |||
| 23 | 13.01 | +0.3 | Larry Wade (USA) | 2 July 1999 | Lausanne | |
| 24 | 13.02 | +1.5 | Ryan Wilson (USA) | 2 June 2007 | New York City | |
| +1.7 | David Payne (USA) | 31 August 2007 | Osaka |
Notes
Below is a list of all other legal times inside 12.96:
Dayron Robles also ran 12.88 (2008), 12.91 (2008), 12.92 (2007), 12.93 (2008), 12.95 (2008), 12.96 (2008).
David Oliver also ran 12.90 (2010), 12.93 (2010), 12.94 (2011), 12.95 (2008).
Liu Xiang also ran 12.91 (2004), 12.92 (2007), 12.93 (2006), 12.95 (2007).
Aries Merritt also ran 12.92 (2012), 12.93 (2012), 12.94 (2012), 12.95 (2012).
Allen Johnson also ran 12.93 (1997), 12.95 (1996), 12.96 (2006).
Sergey Shubenkov also ran 12.95 (2018).
Omar McLeod also ran 12.96 (2017).
Most successful athletes
Athletes with two or more victories at the Olympic Games & World Championships:
5 wins:
Allen Johnson has won the most 110 m hurdles titles at Olympic and World level, one Olympic (1996) & four World (1995, 1997, 2001, 2003)
3 wins:
Greg Foster, three World Championship titles, 1983, 1987 & 1991 (also won Olympic silver in 1984)
2 wins:
Lee Calhoun (USA), two Olympic victories, 1956, 1960
Roger Kingdom (USA), two Olympic victories, 1984 and 1988
Colin Jackson (GBR), two World Championship victories, 1993 and 1999 (also won Olympic Silver in 1988)
Liu Xiang (CHN), Olympic, 2004, World, 2007
Omar McLeod (JAM), Olympic, 2016, World, 2017
Olympic Games medalists
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
1896 Athens | Thomas Curtis  United States | Grantley Goulding Great Britain | none awarded |
1900 Paris | Alvin Kraenzlein  United States | John McLean United States | Fred Moloney United States |
1904 St. Louis | Fred Schule United States | Thaddeus Shideler United States | Lesley Ashburner United States |
1908 London | Forrest Smithson United States | John Garrels United States | Arthur Shaw United States |
1912 Stockholm | Fred Kelly  United States | James Wendell United States | Martin Hawkins United States |
1920 Antwerp | Earl Thomson  Canada | Harold Barron United States | Feg Murray United States |
1924 Paris | Daniel Kinsey United States | Sydney Atkinson  South Africa | Sten Pettersson  Sweden |
1928 Amsterdam | Sydney Atkinson South Africa | Steve Anderson United States | John Collier United States |
1932 Los Angeles | George Saling United States | Percy Beard United States | Don Finlay Great Britain |
1936 Berlin | Forrest Towns United States | Don Finlay Great Britain | Fritz Pollard United States |
1948 London | William Porter United States | Clyde Scott United States | Craig Dixon United States |
1952 Helsinki | Harrison Dillard United States | Jack Davis United States | Arthur Barnard United States |
1956 Melbourne | Lee Calhoun United States | Jack Davis United States | Joel Shankle United States |
1960 Rome | Lee Calhoun  United States | Willie May United States | Hayes Jones United States |
1964 Tokyo | Hayes Jones United States | Blaine Lindgren United States | Anatoly Mikhailov  Soviet Union |
1968 Mexico City | Willie Davenport United States | Ervin Hall United States | Eddy Ottoz  Italy |
1972 Munich | Rod Milburn United States | Guy Drut France | Thomas Hill United States |
1976 Montreal | Guy Drut France | Alejandro Casañas Cuba | Willie Davenport United States |
1980 Moscow | Thomas Munkelt  East Germany | Alejandro Casañas Cuba | Aleksandr Puchkov Soviet Union |
1984 Los Angeles | Roger Kingdom United States | Greg Foster United States | Arto Bryggare  Finland |
1988 Seoul | Roger Kingdom United States | Colin Jackson Great Britain | Tonie Campbell United States |
1992 Barcelona | Mark McKoy  Canada | Tony Dees United States | Jack Pierce United States |
1996 Atlanta | Allen Johnson United States | Mark Crear United States | Florian Schwarthoff  Germany |
2000 Sydney | Anier García Cuba | Terrence Trammell United States | Mark Crear United States |
2004 Athens | Liu Xiang China | Terrence Trammell United States | Anier García Cuba |
2008 Beijing | Dayron Robles Cuba | David Payne United States | David Oliver United States |
2012 London | Aries Merritt United States | Jason Richardson United States | Hansle Parchment Jamaica |
2016 Rio | Omar McLeod Jamaica | Orlando Ortega  Spain | Dimitri Bascou France |
World Championships medalists
| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
1983 Helsinki | Greg Foster (USA) | Arto Bryggare (FIN) | Willie Gault (USA) |
1987 Rome | Greg Foster (USA) | Jon Ridgeon (GBR) | Colin Jackson (GBR) |
1991 Tokyo | Greg Foster (USA) | Jack Pierce (USA) | Tony Jarrett (GBR) |
1993 Stuttgart | Colin Jackson (GBR) | Tony Jarrett (GBR) | Jack Pierce (USA) |
1995 Gothenburg | Allen Johnson (USA) | Tony Jarrett (GBR) | Roger Kingdom (USA) |
1997 Athens | Allen Johnson (USA) | Colin Jackson (GBR) |  Igor Kováč (SVK) |
1999 Seville | Colin Jackson (GBR) | Anier García (CUB) | Duane Ross (USA) |
2001 Edmonton | Allen Johnson (USA) | Anier García (CUB) |  Dudley Dorival (HAI) |
2003 Saint-Denis | Allen Johnson (USA) | Terrence Trammell (USA) | Liu Xiang (CHN) |
2005 Helsinki | Ladji Doucouré (FRA) | Liu Xiang (CHN) | Allen Johnson (USA) |
2007 Osaka | Liu Xiang (CHN) | Terrence Trammell (USA) | David Payne (USA) |
2009 Berlin |  Ryan Brathwaite (BAR) | Terrence Trammell (USA) | David Payne (USA) |
2011 Daegu | Jason Richardson (USA) | Liu Xiang (CHN) | Andy Turner (GBR) |
2013 Moscow | David Oliver (USA) | Ryan Wilson (USA) | Sergey Shubenkov (RUS) |
2015 Beijing | Sergey Shubenkov (RUS) | Hansle Parchment (JAM) | Aries Merritt (USA) |
2017 London | Omar McLeod (JAM) |  Sergey Shubenkov (ANA) |  Balázs Baji (HUN) |
Season's bests
| Year | Time | Athlete | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1966 | 13.47 | Willie Davenport (USA) | New York City |
| 1967 | 13.43 | Earl McCullouch (USA) | Minneapolis |
| 1968 | 13.33 | Willie Davenport (USA) | Mexico City |
| 1969 | 13.45 | Willie Davenport (USA) Leon Coleman (USA) | Miami |
| 1970 | 13.42 | Thomas Hill (USA) | Bakersfield |
| 1971 | 13.46 | Rod Milburn (USA) | Cali |
| 1972 | 13.24 | Rod Milburn (USA) | Munich |
| 1973 | 13.41 | Rod Milburn (USA) | Zürich |
| 1974 | 13.40 | Guy Drut (FRA) | Rome |
| 1975 | 13.28 | Guy Drut (FRA) | Saint-Étienne |
| 1976 | 13.30 | Guy Drut (FRA) | Montreal |
| 1977 | 13.21 | Alejandro Casañas (CUB) | Sofia |
| 1978 | 13.22 | Greg Foster (USA) | Eugene |
| 1979 | 13.00 | Renaldo Nehemiah (USA) | Westwood |
| 1980 | 13.21 | Renaldo Nehemiah (USA) | Zürich |
| 1981 | 12.93 | Renaldo Nehemiah (USA) | Zürich |
| 1982 | 13.22 | Greg Foster (USA) | Koblenz |
| 1983 | 13.11 | Greg Foster (USA) | Westwood |
| 1984 | 13.15 | Greg Foster (USA) | Zürich |
| 1985 | 13.14 | Roger Kingdom (USA) | Modesto |
| 1986 | 13.20 | Stéphane Caristan (FRA) | Stuttgart |
| 1987 | 13.17 | Greg Foster (USA) | Lausanne |
| 1988 | 12.97 | Roger Kingdom (USA) | Sestriere |
| 1989 | 12.92 | Roger Kingdom (USA) | Zürich |
| 1990 | 13.08 | Colin Jackson (GBR) | Auckland |
| 1991 | 13.05 | Tony Dees (USA) | Vigo |
| 1992 | 13.04 | Colin Jackson (GBR) | Cologne |
| 1993 | 12.91 | Colin Jackson (GBR) | Stuttgart |
| 1994 | 12.98 | Colin Jackson (GBR) | Tokyo |
| 1995 | 12.98 | Allen Johnson (USA) | Cologne |
| 1996 | 12.92 | Allen Johnson (USA) | Atlanta |
| 1997 | 12.93 | Allen Johnson (USA) | Athens |
| 1998 | 12.98 | Allen Johnson (USA) | Zürich |
| 1999 | 12.98 | Mark Crear (USA) | Zagreb |
| 2000 | 12.97 | Allen Johnson (USA) | Sacramento |
| 2001 | 13.04 | Allen Johnson (USA) | Edmonton |
| 2002 | 13.03 | Anier García (CUB) | Lausanne |
| 2003 | 12.97 | Allen Johnson (USA) | Saint-Denis |
| 2004 | 12.91 | Liu Xiang (CHN) | Athens |
| 2005 | 12.97 | Ladji Doucouré (FRA) | Angers |
| 2006 | 12.88 | Liu Xiang (CHN) | Lausanne |
| 2007 | 12.92 | Liu Xiang (CHN) Dayron Robles (CUB) | New York City Stuttgart |
| 2008 | 12.87 | Dayron Robles (CUB) | Ostrava |
| 2009 | 13.04 | Dayron Robles (CUB) | Ostrava |
| 2010 | 12.89 | David Oliver (USA) | Saint-Denis |
| 2011 | 12.94 | David Oliver (USA) | Eugene |
| 2012 | 12.80 | Aries Merritt (USA) | Brussels |
| 2013 | 13.00 | David Oliver (USA) | Moscow |
| 2014 | 12.94 | Hansle Parchment (JAM) | Paris |
| 2015 | 12.94 | Orlando Ortega (CUB) | Saint-Denis |
| 2016 | 12.98 | Omar McLeod (JAM) | Shanghai |
| 2017 | 12.90 | Omar McLeod (JAM) | Kingston |
| 2018 | 12.92 | Sergey Shubenkov (RUS) | Székesfehérvár |
Notes and references
^ Source for switch from 8-step start to 7-step start amongst men is Track & Field News magazine, March 2013 (Vol. 66, no. 3), "Is the 8-Step Hurdle Approach Gone?", by Jon Hendershott; pp. 7-8; interviews with Aires Merritt's coach Andreas Behm and Renaldo Nehemiah.
^ "All-time men's best 110m hurdles". alltime-athletics.com. 7 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ Bob Ramsak (7 September 2012). "12.80!! Merritt stuns with World record in 110m Hurdles in Brussels - Samsung Diamond League - FINAL, Part 2". IAAF. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
^ Kayon Raynor (24 June 2017). "Athletics: Olympic champion McLeod sets sizzling 110m hurdles pace". Reuters. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
^ Bob Ramsak (3 July 2018). "Shubenkov scorches to 12.92 world lead at Gyulai Memorial". IAAF. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
^ "IAAF Diamond League". IAAF. Archived from the original on 19 July 2010. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
^ "110m Hurdles Results" (PDF). static.sportresult.com. 4 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
^ Mike Rowbottom (18 July 2014). "Kiplagat shows his class with 3:27.64 in Monaco - IAAF Diamond League". IAAF. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
^ http://www.usatf.org/Events---Calendar/2014/USATF-Outdoor-Championships/Complete-Results.aspx
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to 110 m hurdles. |
- IAAF list of 110-metres-hurdles records in XML
