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General Sir Peter Cosgrove, the 26th and current Governor-General of Australia

The Governor-General of Australia is the head of the executive branch of the federal government, serving as the representative of the Australian monarch (currently Elizabeth II). The position came into being with the adoption of the new national constitution on 1 January 1901, and has been held by 26 people since then. Governors-general have no fixed term, but have usually served for around five years.

For the first two decades after federation, governors-general were selected solely by the British Government. The monarch was consulted on the decision into the 1930s. The first four governors-general were peers; Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson (appointed 1914) was the first commoner to hold the position, although he was also later elevated to the peerage. In 1920, Billy Hughes became the first Prime Minister to be consulted over the governor-generalship. Stanley Bruce (1925) and Joseph Lyons (1935) either asked for or were given a list of suitable candidates to choose from.

James Scullin (1930) became the first Prime Minister of Australia to exercise complete discretion in the appointment; his nomination of Sir Isaac Isaacs made Australia the first Dominion to have a native-born governor-general. In 1945, John Curtin nominated Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, to the post – the first and only royal officeholder. A second Australian (William McKell) was appointed in 1947; he was followed by three more Britons, each chosen by Sir Robert Menzies. Menzies's fourth nomination was Richard Casey, who took office in 1965; he and all subsequent governors-general have been Australian citizens. All states except South Australia and Tasmania have provided at least one appointee. The first female governor-general, Quentin Bryce, took office in 2008.

List

No.	Governor-General	Term of office		Length	Monarch(s)	Prime Minister(s)
1	John Hope, Earl of Hopetoun	1 January 1901	17 July 1902^[a]	1 year, 197 days	Victoria (1837–1901)	Barton
1	John Hope, Earl of Hopetoun	1 January 1901	17 July 1902^[a]	1 year, 197 days	Edward VII (1901–1910)
2	Hallam Tennyson, Baron Tennyson	9 January 1903	21 January 1904	1 year, 12 days
2	Hallam Tennyson, Baron Tennyson	9 January 1903	21 January 1904	1 year, 12 days		Deakin
3	Henry Northcote, Baron Northcote	21 January 1904	9 September 1908	4 years, 232 days		Deakin
						Watson
						Reid
						Deakin
4	William Ward, Earl of Dudley	9 September 1908	31 July 1911	2 years, 325 days		Deakin
						Fisher
						Deakin
						Fisher
					George V (1910–1936)
5	Thomas Denman, Baron Denman	31 July 1911	18 May 1914	2 years, 291 days
5	Thomas Denman, Baron Denman	31 July 1911	18 May 1914	2 years, 291 days		Cook
6	Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson	18 May 1914	6 October 1920	6 years, 141 days		Cook
						Fisher
						Hughes
7	Henry Forster, Baron Forster	6 October 1920	8 October 1925	5 years, 2 days		Hughes
7	Henry Forster, Baron Forster	6 October 1920	8 October 1925	5 years, 2 days		Bruce
8	John Baird, Baron Stonehaven	8 October 1925	2 October 1930^[b]	4 years, 359 days		Bruce
8	John Baird, Baron Stonehaven	8 October 1925	2 October 1930^[b]	4 years, 359 days		Scullin
9	Sir Isaac Isaacs	21 January 1931	23 January 1936	5 years, 2 days		Scullin
						Lyons
					Edward VIII (1936)
10	Alexander Hore-Ruthven, Baron Gowrie	23 January 1936	30 January 1945	9 years, 7 days	Edward VIII (1936)
					George VI (1936–1952)
						Page
						Menzies
						Fadden
						Curtin
11	Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester	30 January 1945	11 March 1947	2 years, 40 days		Curtin
						Forde
						Chifley
12	Sir William McKell	11 March 1947	8 May 1953	6 years, 58 days		Chifley
						Menzies
					Elizabeth II (1952–present)
13	Sir William Slim	8 May 1953	2 February 1960	6 years, 270 days
14	William Morrison, Viscount Dunrossil	2 February 1960	3 February 1961^[c]	1 year, 1 day
15	William Sidney, Viscount De L'Isle	3 August 1961	7 May 1965	3 years, 277 days
16	Richard Casey, Baron Casey	7 May 1965	30 April 1969	3 years, 358 days
						Holt
						McEwen
						Gorton
17	Sir Paul Hasluck	30 April 1969	11 July 1974	5 years, 72 days		Gorton
						McMahon
						Whitlam
18	Sir John Kerr	11 July 1974	8 December 1977	3 years, 150 days		Whitlam
18	Sir John Kerr	11 July 1974	8 December 1977	3 years, 150 days		Fraser
19	Sir Zelman Cowen	8 December 1977	29 July 1982	4 years, 233 days
20	Sir Ninian Stephen	29 July 1982	16 February 1989	6 years, 202 days
20	Sir Ninian Stephen	29 July 1982	16 February 1989	6 years, 202 days		Hawke
21	William Hayden	16 February 1989	16 February 1996	7 years, 0 days		Hawke
21	William Hayden	16 February 1989	16 February 1996	7 years, 0 days		Keating
22	Sir William Deane	16 February 1996	29 June 2001	5 years, 133 days		Keating
22	Sir William Deane	16 February 1996	29 June 2001	5 years, 133 days		Howard
23	Peter Hollingworth	29 June 2001	28 May 2003^[d]	1 year, 333 days
24	Michael Jeffery	11 August 2003	5 September 2008	5 years, 25 days
24	Michael Jeffery	11 August 2003	5 September 2008	5 years, 25 days		Rudd
25	Dame Quentin Bryce	5 September 2008	28 March 2014	5 years, 204 days		Rudd
						Gillard
						Rudd
						Abbott
26	Sir Peter Cosgrove	28 March 2014	Incumbent	4 years, 240 days		Abbott
						Turnbull
						Morrison

Notes

^ Hopetoun left for England on 17 July 1902. Lord Tennyson, the Governor of South Australia, was appointed Administrator of the Government until formally taking over the governor-generalship on 9 January 1903.

^ Stonehaven left for England on 2 October 1930. Lord Somers, the Governor of Victoria, was appointed Administrator of the Government until Sir Isaac Isaacs took over the governor-generalship on 21 January 1931.

^ Dunrossil died in office on 3 February 1961. Sir Dallas Brooks, the Governor of Victoria, was appointed Administrator of the Government until Lord De L'Isle took over the governor-generalship on 3 August 1961.

^ Hollingworth resigned on 28 May 2003. Sir Guy Green, the Governor of Tasmania, was appointed Administrator of the Government until Michael Jeffery took over the governor-generalship on 11 August 2003.

External links

The Office of the Governor-General

The use of the reserve powers

A Mirror to the People a 58-minute documentary film on the Office of Governor-General of Australia 1999. Dir: Daryl Dellora. Features Sir William Deane, Sir Zelman Cowen, Sir Ninian Stephen. Special Commendation ATOM Awards.

[1] Hopetoun left for England on 17 July 1902. Lord Tennyson, the Governor of South Australia, was appointed Administrator of the Government until formally taking over the governor-generalship on 9 January 1903.

[2] Stonehaven left for England on 2 October 1930. Lord Somers, the Governor of Victoria, was appointed Administrator of the Government until Sir Isaac Isaacs took over the governor-generalship on 21 January 1931.

[3] Dunrossil died in office on 3 February 1961. Sir Dallas Brooks, the Governor of Victoria, was appointed Administrator of the Government until Lord De L'Isle took over the governor-generalship on 3 August 1961.

[4] Hollingworth resigned on 28 May 2003. Sir Guy Green, the Governor of Tasmania, was appointed Administrator of the Government until Michael Jeffery took over the governor-generalship on 11 August 2003.

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v t e Governors-General of Australia
	Hopetoun Tennyson Northcote Dudley Denman Munro Ferguson Forster Stonehaven Isaacs Gowrie Gloucester McKell Slim Dunrossil De L'Isle Casey Hasluck Kerr Cowen Stephen Hayden Deane Hollingworth Jeffery Bryce Cosgrove
List of Governors-General of Australia