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A European Commissioner is a member of the European Commission. Each Commissioner within the college holds a specific portfolio and are led by the President of the European Commission. In simple terms they are the equivalent of national ministers. Each European Union member state has the right to a single commissioner (before 2004, the four largest states—France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom—were granted two) and appoints them in consultation with the President.

The accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 raised the number of commissioners from 25 to 27, and after the accession of Croatia in 2013 the number of commissioners raised to 28.
Below is a list of all past and present European Commissioners according to the member-state they were nominated by, including the Presidents of the European Coal and Steel Community and European Atomic Energy Community. The colours indicate their political background (blue for conservative or centre-right, mainly European People's Party, red for left-wing or social democrats, mainly the Party of European Socialists, yellow for centrist or liberals, mainly European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, and green for green politicians, mainly the European Green Party).

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Austria

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Franz Fischler	Agriculture and Rural Development	Santer	ÖVP
Franz Fischler	Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries	Prodi	ÖVP
Benita Ferrero-Waldner^[1]	External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy	Barroso I	ÖVP
Benita Ferrero-Waldner^[1]	Trade and European Neighbourhood Policy	Barroso I	ÖVP
Johannes Hahn	Regional Policy	Barroso II	ÖVP
Johannes Hahn	European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations	Juncker	ÖVP

Belgium

European Coal and Steel Community
Member	Portfolio	Authority	Party
Albert Coppé^[2]	Long Term Policy (Vice President)	Monnet	CVP
	General Objectives, Long Term Policy, Markets, Agreements and Transport (Vice President)	Mayer
	General Objectives and Long Term Policy (Vice President)	Finet
	Member (Vice President)	Malvestiti
	Transport and Information (Vice President)	Del Bo / Coppé
	President	Del Bo / Coppé
Paul Finet^[3]	Social Problems and Administrative Questions	Monnet	BSP
	Social Problems	Mayer
	President	Finet
	Member	Malvestiti
	Social Problems	Del Bo
Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Jean Rey	External Relations	Hallstein I	PLP
	External Relations	Hallstein II
	President	Rey
Albert Coppé	Budget, Credit, Investment, Press and Information	Rey	CVP
	Social Affairs, Transport, Personnel, Administration, Credit, Investment, Budget and Financial Control	Malfatti
	Social Affairs, Transport, Personnel, Administration, Credit, Investment, Budget and Financial Control	Mansholt
Henri Simonet	Taxation, Financial Institutions and Energy (Vice President)	Ortoli	PS
Étienne Davignon	Internal Market, Industrial Affairs and Customs Union	Jenkins	CDH
Étienne Davignon	Industrial Affairs, Energy, Research and Science (Vice President)	Thorn	CDH
Willy De Clercq	External Relations and Trade	Delors I	PVV
Karel Van Miert	Transport, Credit, Investment, and Consumer Protection	Delors II	Sp.a
	Competition, Personnel and Administration (Vice President)	Delors III
	Competition	Santer
Philippe Busquin^[4]	Research	Prodi	PS
Louis Michel^[4]^[5]	Research	Prodi	MR
Louis Michel^[4]^[5]	Development and Humanitarian Aid	Barroso I	MR
Karel De Gucht^[5]	Development and Humanitarian Aid	Barroso I	VLD
Karel De Gucht^[5]	Trade	Barroso II	VLD
Marianne Thyssen	Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility	Juncker	CD&V

Bulgaria

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Meglena Kuneva^[6]	Consumer Protection	Barroso I	NDSV
Kristalina Georgieva^[7]	International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response	Barroso II	GERB
Kristalina Georgieva^[7]	Budget and Human Resources (Vice President)	Juncker	GERB
Mariya Gabriel^[7]	Digital Economy and Society	Juncker	GERB

Croatia

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Neven Mimica^[8]	Consumer Protection	Barroso II	SDP
Neven Mimica^[8]	International Cooperation and Development	Juncker	SDP

Cyprus

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Markos Kyprianou^[9]^[10]	Budget	Prodi	DIKO
Markos Kyprianou^[9]^[10]	Health	Barroso I	DIKO
Androulla Vassiliou^[10]	Health	Barroso I	EDI
Androulla Vassiliou^[10]	Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth	Barroso II	EDI
Christos Stylianides	Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management	Juncker	DISY

Czech Republic

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Pavel Telička^[11]	Health and Consumer Protection	Prodi	US-DEU
Vladimír Špidla	Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities	Barroso I	ČSSD
Štefan Füle	Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy	Barroso II	ČSSD
Věra Jourová	Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality	Juncker	ANO

Denmark

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Finn Olav Gundelach^[12]	Internal Market and Customs Union	Ortoli	SD
	Agriculture and Fisheries (Vice President)	Jenkins
	Agriculture	Thorn
Poul Dalsager^[12]	Agriculture	Thorn	SD
Henning Christophersen	Budget, Financial Control, Personnel and Administration (Vice President)	Delors I	V
	Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)	Delors II
	Economic, Financial and Monetary Affairs, Credit and Investment (Vice President)	Delors III
Ritt Bjerregaard	Environment and Nuclear Safety	Santer	SD
Poul Nielson	Development and Humanitarian Aid	Prodi	SD
Mariann Fischer Boel	Agriculture and Rural Development	Barroso I	V
Connie Hedegaard	Climate Action	Barroso II	KF
Margrethe Vestager	Competition	Juncker	RV

Estonia

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Siim Kallas^[13]	Economic and Monetary Affairs	Prodi	RP
	Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud (Vice President)	Barroso I
	Transport (Vice President)	Barroso II
Andrus Ansip	Digital Single Market (Vice President)	Juncker	RP

Finland

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Erkki Liikanen^[14]	Budget, Personnel and Administration	Santer	SDP
Erkki Liikanen^[14]	Enterprise and Information Society	Prodi	SDP
Olli Rehn^[14]^[15]^[16]	Enterprise and Information Society	Prodi	SK
	Enlargement	Barroso I
	Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (Vice President)	Barroso II
Jyrki Katainen^[16]	Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (Vice President)	Barroso II	KOK
Jyrki Katainen^[16]	Jobs, Growth, Investment and Competitiveness (Vice President)	Juncker	KOK

France

European Atomic Energy Community
Member	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Louis Armand	President	Armand	Unknown
Étienne Hirsch	President	Hirsch	Unknown
Pierre Chatenet	President	Chatenet	UDR
European Coal and Steel Community
Member	Portfolio	Authority	Party
Jean Monnet	President	Monnet	Unknown
Léon Daum	Finance, Investment, Production and Instructions	Monnet	Unknown
	Finance, Investment, Production and Instructions	Mayer
	Investment and Production	Finet
René Mayer	President	Mayer	PR
Roger Reynaud^[17]	Member	Finet	Unknown
	Member	Malvestiti
	Economic Policy and Industrial Development	Del Bo / Coppé
Pierre-Olivier Lapie	Member	Malvestiti	SFIO
Pierre-Olivier Lapie	Energy	Del Bo / Coppé	SFIO
Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Robert Lemaignen	Overseas Development	Hallstein I	Unknown
Robert Marjolin	Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)	Hallstein I	SFIO
Robert Marjolin	Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)	Hallstein II	SFIO
Henri Rochereau	Overseas Development	Hallstein II	Unknown
Henri Rochereau	Overseas Development	Rey	Unknown
Raymond Barre	Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)	Rey	UDF
	Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)	Malfatti
	Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)	Mansholt
Jean-François Deniau	Enlargement and Development Aid	Malfatti	UDF
	Enlargement and Development Aid	Mansholt
	Development, Budget and Financial Control	Ortoli
François-Xavier Ortoli	President	Ortoli	UDR / RPR
	Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President)	Jenkins
	Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President)	Thorn
Claude Cheysson^[18]	Development, Budget and Financial Control	Ortoli	PS
	Development	Jenkins
	Development	Thorn
	Mediterranean Policy and North-South Relations	Delors I
Edgard Pisani^[18]^[19]	Development	Thorn	PS
Jacques Delors	President	Delors I	PS
	President	Delors II
	President	Delors III
Christiane Scrivener	Taxation and Customs Union	Delors II	PR
Christiane Scrivener	Taxation, Customs Union and Consumer Protection	Delors III	PR
Yves-Thibault de Silguy	Economic and Financial Affairs, Credit and Investment	Santer	RPR
Édith Cresson	Research, Science, Technological Development, Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth	Santer	PS
Pascal Lamy	Trade	Prodi	PS
Michel Barnier^[20]	Regional Policy	Prodi	UMP
Jacques Barrot^[20]^[21]	Regional Policy	Prodi	UMP
	Transport (Vice President)	Barroso I
	Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President)	Barroso I
Michel Barnier^[22]	Internal Market and Services (Vice President)	Barroso II	UMP
Pierre Moscovici	Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs	Juncker	PS

Germany

European Coal and Steel Community
Member	Portfolio	Authority	Party
Heinz Potthof	Member	Monnet	SPD
Franz Etzel^[23]	Markets, Agreements and Transport (First Vice President)	Monnet	CDU
Franz Etzel^[23]	Member (First Vice President)	Mayer	CDU
Franz Blücher^[24]	Member	Finet	FDP
Heinz Potthoff^[25]	Finance, Budget and Administration	Finet	SPD
Heinz Potthoff^[25]	Finance and Investment	Malvestiti	SPD
Karl-Maria Hettlage^[25]	Finance and Investment	Malvestiti	CDU
Karl-Maria Hettlage^[25]	Finance and Investment	Del Bo / Coppé	CDU
Fritz Hellwig^[26]	Coal and Steel Markets	Del Bo / Coppé	CDU
Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Walter Hallstein	President	Hallstein I	CDU
Walter Hallstein	President	Hallstein II	CDU
Hans von der Groeben	Competition	Hallstein I	CDU
	Competition	Hallstein II
	Internal Market and Regional Policy	Rey
Fritz Hellwig	Research, Technology and Information Distribution (Vice President)	Rey	CDU
Wilhelm Haferkamp	Energy (Vice President)	Rey	SPD
	Internal Market and Energy (Vice President)	Malfatti
	Internal Market and Energy (Vice President)	Mansholt
	Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President)	Ortoli
	External Relations (Vice President)	Jenkins
	External Relations and Nuclear Affairs (Vice President)	Thorn
Ralf Dahrendorf	External Relations and Trade	Malfatti	FDP
	External Relations and Trade	Mansholt
	Research, Science and Education	Ortoli
Guido Brunner	Energy, Research, Science and Education	Jenkins	FDP
Karl-Heinz Narjes	Internal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, Environment, Consumer Protection, and Nuclear Safety	Thorn	CDU
Karl-Heinz Narjes	Industrial Affairs, Information Technology, Research and Science (Vice President)	Delors I	CDU
Alois Pfeiffer^[27]^[28]	Economic Affairs, Employment, Credit and Investment	Delors I	SPD
Alois Pfeiffer^[27]^[28]	Economic Affairs and Regional Policy	Delors I	SPD
Peter Schmidhuber^[27]	Economic Affairs and Regional Policy	Delors I	CSU
	Budget and Financial Control	Delors II
	Budget and Financial Control	Delors III
Martin Bangemann	Internal Market, Industrial Affairs and Parliamentary Relations (Vice President)	Delors II	FDP
	Industrial Affairs, Information Technology and Telecommunications (Vice President)	Delors III
	Industrial Affairs, Information and Telecommunications Technologies	Santer
Monika Wulf-Mathies	Regional Policy	Santer	SPD
Michaele Schreyer	Budget	Prodi	Greens
Günter Verheugen	Enlargement	Prodi	SPD
Günter Verheugen	Enterprise and Industry (Vice President)	Barroso I	SPD
Günther Oettinger^[29]^[30]	Energy (Vice President)	Barroso II	CDU
	Digital Economy and Society	Juncker
	Budget and Human Resources	Juncker

Greece

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Giorgios Contogeorgis	Transport, Fisheries and Tourism	Thorn	ND
Grigoris Varfis^[31]	Regional Policy and Parliamentary Relations	Delors I	PASOK
Grigoris Varfis^[31]	Consumer Protection	Delors I	PASOK
Vasso Papandreou	Employment, Industrial Relations, Social Affairs, Education, Training and Youth	Delors II	PASOK
Ioannis Paleokrassas	Environment, Nuclear Safety and Fisheries	Delors III	ND
Christos Papoutsis	Energy, SMEs and Tourism	Santer	PASOK
Anna Diamantopoulou^[32]	Employment and Social Affairs	Prodi	PASOK
Stavros Dimas^[32]	Employment and Social Affairs	Prodi	ND
Stavros Dimas^[32]	Environment	Barroso I	ND
Maria Damanaki	Maritime Affairs and Fisheries	Barroso II	PASOK
Dimitris Avramopoulos	Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship	Juncker	ND

Hungary

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Péter Balázs^[33]	Regional Policy	Prodi	MSZP
László Kovács	Taxation and Customs Union	Barroso I	MSZP
László Andor	Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion	Barroso II	MSZP
Tibor Navracsics	Education, Culture, Youth and Sport	Juncker	Fidesz

Ireland

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Patrick Hillery^[34]	Social Affairs (Vice President)	Ortoli	FF
Richard Burke	Taxation, Consumer Affairs, Transport and Parliamentary Relations	Jenkins	FG
Michael O'Kennedy^[35]	Personnel and Administration	Thorn	FF
Richard Burke^[35]	Personnel and Administration	Thorn	FG
Peter Sutherland^[36]	Competition, Social Affairs, Education and Training	Delors I	FG
Peter Sutherland^[36]	Competition and Parliamentary Relations	Delors I	FG
Ray MacSharry	Agriculture and Rural Development	Delors II	FF
Pádraig Flynn	Social Affairs, Employment, Immigration, Home Affairs and Justice	Delors III	FF
Pádraig Flynn	Social Affairs and Employment	Santer	FF
David Byrne	Health and Consumer Protection	Prodi	FF
Charlie McCreevy	Internal Market and Services	Barroso I	FF
Máire Geoghegan-Quinn	Research, Innovation and Science	Barroso II	FF
Phil Hogan	Agriculture and Rural Development	Juncker	FG

Italy

European Coal and Steel Community
Member	Portfolio	Authority	Party
Enzo Giacchero	Press and Information	Monnet	DC
	Press and Information	Mayer
	Social Problems	Finet
Piero Malvestiti	President	Malvestiti	DC
Rinaldo Del Bo^[37]	President	Del Bo	DC
Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Piero Malvestiti^[38]	Internal Market (Vice-President)	Hallstein I	DC
Giuseppe Petrilli^[39]	Social Affairs	Hallstein I	DC
Giuseppe Caron^[38]^[40]	Internal Market	Hallstein I	DC
Giuseppe Caron^[38]^[40]	Internal Market (Vice President)	Hallstein II	DC
Lionello Levi Sandri^[41]	Social Affairs	Hallstein I	PSI
	Social Affairs (Vice President)	Hallstein II
	Social Affairs, Personnel and Administration (Vice President)	Rey
Guido Colonna di Paliano^[40]^[42]	Internal Market	Hallstein II	DC
Guido Colonna di Paliano^[40]^[42]	Industrial Affairs	Rey	DC
Edoardo Martino	External Relations	Rey	DC
Franco Maria Malfatti	President	Malfatti	DC
Altiero Spinelli^[43]	Industry, Technology, Training, Education and Customs Union	Malfatti	PCI
	Industry, Technology, Training, Education and Customs Union	Mansholt
	Industry and Technology	Ortoli
Carlo Scarascia-Mugnozza	Agriculture (Vice President)	Mansholt	DC
Carlo Scarascia-Mugnozza	Parliamentary Affairs, Environment, Consumer Interests, Transport and Information (Vice President)	Ortoli	DC
Cesidio Guazzaroni^[43]	Industry and Technology	Ortoli	PRI
Antonio Giolitti	Regional Policy	Jenkins	PSI
Antonio Giolitti	Regional Policy	Thorn	PSI
Lorenzo Natali	Enlargement, Environment and Nuclear Safety	Jenkins	DC
	Mediterranean Policy, Enlargement and Information (Vice President)	Thorn
	Cooperation, Development and Enlargement (Vice President)	Delors I
Carlo Ripa di Meana	Institutional Reform, Information, Culture and Tourism	Delors I	PSI
Carlo Ripa di Meana	Environment and Nuclear Safety	Delors II	PSI
Filippo Maria Pandolfi	Science, Research, Development, Telecommunications, Information Technology and Innovation (Vice President)	Delors II	DC
Antonio Ruberti	Science, Research, Technological Development, Education, Training and Youth (Vice President)	Delors III	PSI
Raniero Vanni d'Archirafi	Institutional Reform, Internal Market, Financial Services, Enterprise and SMEs	Delors III	DC
Emma Bonino	Fisheries and Consumers Policy	Santer	LB
Mario Monti	Internal Market, Financial Services, Customs and Taxation	Santer	Independent
Mario Monti	Competition	Prodi	Independent
Romano Prodi	President	Prodi	ID / DL
Franco Frattini^[44]	Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President)	Barroso I	FI
Antonio Tajani^[44]^[45]	Transport (Vice President)	Barroso I	PdL
Antonio Tajani^[44]^[45]	Industry and Entrepreneurship (Vice President)	Barroso II	PdL
Ferdinando Nelli Feroci^[45]	Industry and Entrepreneurship	Barroso II	PD
Federica Mogherini	Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (Vice President)	Juncker	PD

Latvia

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Sandra Kalniete^[46]	Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries	Prodi	LTF
Andris Piebalgs	Energy	Barroso I	LPP / LC
Andris Piebalgs	Development	Barroso II	LPP / LC
Valdis Dombrovskis^[47]	Euro and Social Dialogue (Vice President)	Juncker	Unity
Valdis Dombrovskis^[47]	Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union (Vice President)	Juncker	Unity

Lithuania

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Dalia Grybauskaitė^[48]^[49]	Education and Culture	Prodi	Independent
Dalia Grybauskaitė^[48]^[49]	Financial Programming and the Budget	Barroso I	Independent
Algirdas Šemeta^[49]	Financial Programming and the Budget	Barroso I	TS
Algirdas Šemeta^[49]	Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud	Barroso II	TS
Vytenis Andriukaitis	Health and Food Safety	Juncker	SDP

Luxembourg

European Coal and Steel Community
Member	Portfolio	Authority	Party
Albert Wehrer	Member	Monnet	Unknown
	Member	Mayer
	External Relations	Finet
	Member	Malvestiti
	External Relations	Del Bo / Coppé
Jean Fohrmann^[50]	Social Problems	Del Bo / Coppé	LSAP
Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Michel Rasquin^[51]	Transport	Hallstein I	LSAP
Lambert Schaus^[51]	Transport	Hallstein I	CSV
Lambert Schaus^[51]	Transport	Hallstein II	CSV
Victor Bodson	Transport	Rey	LSAP
Albert Borschette	Competition, Press, Information and Regional Policy	Malfatti	Unknown
	Competition, Press, Information and Regional Policy	Mansholt
	Competition, Personnel and Administration	Ortoli
Raymond Vouel	Competition	Jenkins	LSAP
Gaston Thorn	President	Thorn	DP
Nicolas Mosar	Energy	Delors I	CSV
Jean Dondelinger	Cultural Affairs and Information	Delors II	Unknown
René Steichen	Agriculture and Rural Development	Delors III	CSV
Jacques Santer^[52]	President	Santer	CSV
Viviane Reding^[53]	Education and Culture	Prodi	CSV
	Information Society and Media	Barroso I
	Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (Vice President)	Barroso II
Martine Reicherts^[53]	Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship	Barroso II	CSV
Jean-Claude Juncker	President	Juncker	CSV

Malta

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Joe Borg^[54]	Development and Humanitarian Aid	Prodi	PN
Joe Borg^[54]	Fisheries and Maritime Affairs	Barroso I	PN
John Dalli^[55]	Health and Consumer Policy	Barroso II	PN
Tonio Borg^[55]^[56]	Health and Consumer Policy	Barroso II	PN
Tonio Borg^[55]^[56]	Health	Barroso II	PN
Karmenu Vella	Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries	Juncker	PL

Netherlands

European Coal and Steel Community
Member	Portfolio	Authority	Party
Dirk Spierenburg^[57]^[58]	External Relations	Monnet	Unknown
	External Relations	Mayer
	Steel, Transport and Concentrations (First Vice President)	Finet
	Member (First Vice President)	Malvestiti
	Competition (First Vice President)	Del Bo
Johannes Linthorst Homan^[57]	Member (First Vice President)	Malvestiti	VVD
Johannes Linthorst Homan^[57]	Competition	Del Bo / Coppé	VVD
Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Sicco Mansholt	Agriculture (Vice President)	Hallstein I	PvdA
	Agriculture (Vice President)	Hallstein II
	Agriculture (Vice President)	Rey
	Agriculture (Vice President)	Malfatti
	President	Mansholt
Maan Sassen	Competition	Rey	KVP
Pierre Lardinois	Agriculture	Ortoli	KVP
Henk Vredeling	Employment and Social Affairs (Vice President)	Jenkins	PvdA
Frans Andriessen^[59]	Parliamentary Relations and Competition	Thorn	KVP
	Agriculture and Fisheries (Vice President)	Delors I
	Agriculture (Vice President)	Delors I
	External Relations and Trade (Vice President)	Delors II
Hans van den Broek	External Relations and Enlargement	Delors III	CDA
Hans van den Broek	Central and Eastern European Relations and Enlargement	Santer	CDA
Frits Bolkestein	Internal Market	Prodi	VVD
Neelie Kroes	Competition	Barroso I	VVD
Neelie Kroes	Digital Agenda (Vice President)	Barroso II	VVD
Frans Timmermans	Better Regulation, Inter-Institutional Relations, Rule of Law and Charter of Fundamental Rights (First Vice President)	Juncker	PvdA

Poland

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Danuta Hübner^[60]^[61]	Trade	Prodi	PO
Danuta Hübner^[60]^[61]	Regional Policy	Barroso I	PO
Paweł Samecki^[61]	Regional Policy	Barroso I	PO
Janusz Lewandowski^[62]	Financial Programming and Budget	Barroso II	PO
Jacek Dominik^[62]	Financial Programming and Budget	Barroso II	PO
Elżbieta Bieńkowska	Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs	Juncker	PO

Portugal

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
António Cardoso e Cunha^[63]	Fisheries	Delors I	PSD
António Cardoso e Cunha^[63]	Personnel, Administration, Energy, Small Business and Tourism	Delors II	PSD
João de Deus Pinheiro	Parliamentary Relations, Communications, Information and Cultural Affairs	Delors III	PSD
João de Deus Pinheiro	African, Caribbean and Asian Relations and Development	Santer	PSD
António Vitorino	Justice and Home Affairs	Prodi	PS
José Manuel Barroso	President	Barroso I	PSD
José Manuel Barroso	President	Barroso II	PSD
Carlos Moedas	Research, Science and Innovation	Juncker	PSD

Romania

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Leonard Orban^[64]	Multilingualism	Barroso I	PNL
Dacian Cioloş	Agriculture and Rural Development	Barroso II	Independent
Corina Crețu	Regional Policy	Juncker	PSD

Slovakia

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Ján Figeľ^[65]^[66]	Enterprise and Information Society	Prodi	KDH
	Education, Training and Culture	Barroso I
	Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism	Barroso I
Maroš Šefčovič	Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration (Vice President)	Barroso II	Smer-SD
Maroš Šefčovič	Energy Union (Vice President)	Juncker	Smer-SD

Slovenia

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Janez Potočnik^[67]	Enlargement	Prodi	LDS
	Science and Research	Barroso I
	Environment	Barroso II
Violeta Bulc	Transport	Juncker	SMC

Spain

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Abel Matutes^[68]^[69]	Credit, Investments, Financial Instruments and SMEs	Delors I	PP
	Mediterranean and Latin American Policy	Delors II
	Energy and Transport	Delors III
Manuel Marín^[70]^[71]	Social Affairs, Employment, Education and Training (Vice President)	Delors I	PSOE
	Cooperation, Development and Fisheries (Vice President)	Delors II
	Cooperation, Development and Humanitarian Aid (Vice President)	Delors III
	Mediterranean, Latin American and Middle Eastern Relations (Vice President)	Santer
	President	Santer
Marcelino Oreja^[69]	Energy and Transport	Delors III	PP
Marcelino Oreja^[69]	Parliamentary Relations, Culture and Audiovisual Policy and Institutional Reform	Santer	PP
Loyola de Palacio	Parliamentary Relations, Transport and Energy (Vice President)	Prodi	PP
Pedro Solbes^[72]	Economic and Monetary Affairs	Prodi	PSOE
Joaquín Almunia^[72]	Economic and Monetary Affairs	Prodi	PSOE
	Economic and Financial Affairs	Barroso I
	Competition (Vice President)	Barroso II
Miguel Arias Cañete	Climate Action and Energy	Juncker	PP

Sweden

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Anita Gradin	Immigration, Justice, Home Affairs and Financial Control	Santer	SAP
Margot Wallström	Environment	Prodi	SAP
Margot Wallström	Institutional Relations and Communication Strategy (First Vice President)	Barroso I	SAP
Cecilia Malmström	Home Affairs	Barroso II	FP
Cecilia Malmström	Trade	Juncker	FP

United Kingdom

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Christopher Soames	External Relations (Vice President)	Ortoli	Conservative
George Thomson	Regional Policy	Ortoli	Labour
Roy Jenkins	President	Jenkins	Labour
Christopher Tugendhat	Budget, Financial Control and Financial Institutions	Jenkins	Conservative
Christopher Tugendhat	Budget, Financial Control, Financial Institutions, Personnel and Administration (Vice President)	Thorn	Conservative
Ivor Richard	Employment, Social Affairs, Education and Training	Thorn	Labour
The Lord Cockfield	Internal Market, Customs Union and Taxation (Vice President)	Delors I	Conservative
Stanley Clinton-Davis^[73]	Environment, Consumer Protection, Nuclear Safety and Transport	Delors I	Labour
Stanley Clinton-Davis^[73]	Environment, Nuclear Safety and Transport	Delors I	Labour
Bruce Millan	Regional Policy	Delors II	Labour
Bruce Millan	Regional Policy	Delors III	Labour
Leon Brittan	Competition and Financial Institutions (Vice President)	Delors II	Conservative
	Trade (Vice President)	Delors III
	External Relations and Trade (Vice President)	Santer
Neil Kinnock	Transport	Santer	Labour
Neil Kinnock	Administrative Reform (Vice President)	Prodi	Labour
Chris Patten	External Relations	Prodi	Conservative
Peter Mandelson^[74]	Trade	Barroso I	Labour
Catherine Ashton^[74]^[75]	Trade	Barroso I	Labour
	Foreign Affairs and Security Policy	Barroso I
	Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (First Vice President)	Barroso II
Jonathan Hill^[76]	Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union	Juncker	Conservative
Julian King^[76]	Security Union	Juncker	Independent

Nominated Commissioners

A number of commissioners were formally nominated and assigned portfolios before being withdrawn after their hearing with the European Parliament, with the exception of Thorvald Stoltenberg, who withdrew after the rejection of Norway's ascension referendum.

Commissioner	Portfolio	Commission	Party
Thorvald Stoltenberg (Norway)	Fisheries	Santer	AP
Rocco Buttiglione (Italy)	Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President)	Barroso I	UDC
Ingrīda Ūdre (Latvia)	Taxation and Customs Union	Barroso I	LZS
Rumiana Jeleva (Bulgaria)	International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response	Barroso II	GERB
Alenka Bratušek (Slovenia)	Energy Union (Vice President)	Juncker	ZaAB

Notes and references

^ Ferrero-Waldner held the External Relations brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 December 2009, when Catherine Ashton became High Representative. She was then moved to Trade for the rest of her term.

^ Coppé was elevated to President of the High Authority from 1 March 1967 to 5 July 1967 following Rinaldo Del Bo's resignation.

^ Finet served in the Del Bo Authority from 10 January 1964 to 18 May 1965, his death.

^ ^a^b Busquin served in the Prodi Commission until 18 July 2004, when Michel assumed office.

^ ^a^b Michel served in the Barroso I Commission until 17 July 2009, when De Gucht assumed office.

^ Kuneva served in the Barroso I Commission from 1 January 2007, Bulgaria's accession.

^ ^a^b Georgieva served in the Juncker Commission until 1 January 2017. Gabriel has been nominated to replace her and is pending confirmation.

^ Mimica served in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2013, Croatia's accession.

^ Kyprianou served in the Prodi Commission from 1 January 2004, Cyprus's accession.

^ ^a^b Kyprianou served in the Barroso I Commission until 3 March 2008, when Vassiliou assumed office.

^ Telička served in the Prodi Commission from 1 January 2004, the Czech Republic's accession.

^ ^a^b Gundelach served in the Thorn Commission until 13 January 1981, his death. Dalsager assumed office on 20 January 1981.

^ Kallas served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Estonia's ascension.

^ ^a^b Liikanen served in the Prodi Commission until 12 July 2004, when Rehn assumed office.

^ Rehn was elevated to Vice President and given the Euro brief in the Barroso II Commission from 27 October 2011.

^ ^a^b Rehn served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014, when Katainen assumed office.

^ Reynaud served in the Del Bo Authority until September 1963; he served again from 10 January 1964.

^ ^a^b Cheysson served in the Thorn Commission until 23 April 1981. Pisani assumed office on 26 May 1981.

^ Pisani served in the Thorn Commission from 26 May 1981 – 3 December 1984 and was not replaced.

^ ^a^b Barnier served in the Prodi Commission until 31 March 2004, when Barrot assumed office.

^ Barrot held the Transport brief in the Barroso I Commission until 9 May 2008, when Franco Frattini resigned. He was then moved to Justice, Freedom and Security for the rest of his term.

^ Barnier was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.

^ Etzel served in the Mayer Authority until 28 October 1957.

^ Blücher served in the Finet Authority until 26 March 1959, his death.

^ ^a^b Potthof served in the Malvestiti Authority until 10 August 1962. He was replaced by Hettlage on 14 December 1962.

^ Hellwig served in the Del Bo Authority from 10 January 1964.

^ ^a^b Pfeiffer served in the Delors I Commission until 1 August 1987, his death. He was replaced by Schmidhuber on 2 September 1987.

^ Pfeiffer held the Employment, Credit and Investment briefs in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.

^ Oettinger was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.

^ After Kristalina Georgieva's resignation on 1 January 2017, Oettinger held both the Digital Economy and Society portfolio and the Budget and Human Resources portfolio from that date.

^ Varfis held the Regional Policy and Parliamentary Relations briefs in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.

^ ^a^b Diamantopoulou served in the Prodi Commission until 10 March 2004, when Dimas assumed office.

^ Balázs served in the Prodi Commission from 1 January 2004, Hungary's accession.

^ Hillery served in the Ortoli Commission until 2 December 1976 and was not replaced.

^ ^a^b O'Kennedy served in the Thorn Commission until 3 March 1982. Burke assumed office on 1 April 1982.

^ held the Social Affairs, Education and Training briefs in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.

^ Del Bo served as President of the High Authority until 1 March 1967, when Albert Coppé assumed office. There was no replacement in the interim Coppé Authority.

^ ^a^b Malvestiti served in the Hallstein I Commission until 15 September 1959. Caron assumed office on 24 November 1959.

^ Petrilli served in the Hallstein I Commission until 8 February 1961, when Sandri assumed office.

^ ^a^b Caron served in the Hallstein II Commission until 15 May 1963. Paliano assumed office on 30 July 1964.

^ Sandri was elevated to Vice President in the Hallstein II Commission from 30 July 1965.

^ Paliano served in the Rey Commission until 8 May 1970 and was not replaced.

^ ^a^b Spinelli served in the Ortoli Commission until 13 July 1976, when Guazzaroni assumed office.

^ ^a^b Frattini served in the Barroso I Commission until 23 April 2008. Tajani assumed office on 18 June 2008.

^ ^a^b Tajani served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014. Feroci assumed office on 16 July 2014.

^ Kalniete served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Latvia's ascension.

^ After Jonathan Hill's resignation on 16 July 2016, Dombrovskis held both the Euro and Social Dialogue portfolio and the Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union portfolio from that date.

^ Grybauskaitė served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Lithuania's ascension.

^ ^a^b Grybauskaitė served in the Barroso I Commission until 1 July 2009, when Šemeta assumed office.

^ Fohrmann served in the Del Bo / Coppé Authority from 30 June 1965.

^ ^a^b Rasquin served in the Hallstein I Commission until 27 April 1958, his death. Schaus assumed office on 18 June 1958.

^ Santer served as President of the Commission until 15 March 1999, when Manuel Marín assumed office.

^ ^a^b Reding served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014. Reicherts assumed office on 16 July 2014.

^ Borg served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Malta's ascension.

^ ^a^b Dalli served in the Barroso II Commission until 16 October 2012. Borg assumed office on 28 November 2012.

^ Borg held the Consumer Policy brief in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2013, with Croatia's accession.

^ ^a^b Spierenburg served in the Malvestiti Authority until 25 September 1962. Homan assumed office on 15 December 1962.

^ Spierenburg served in the Del Bo Authority until 7 June 1965 and was not replaced.

^ Andriessen held the Fisheries brief in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, Portugal's ascension.

^ Hübner served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Poland's ascension.

^ ^a^b Hübner served in the Barroso I Commission until 4 July 2009, when Samecki assumed office.

^ ^a^b Lewandowski served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014. Dominik assumed office from 16 July 2014.

^ Cunha served in the Delors I Commission from 5 January 1986, Portugal's ascension.

^ Orban served in the Barroso I Commission from 1 January 2007, Romania's accession.

^ Figeľ served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Slovakia's ascension.

^ Figeľ held the Multilingualism brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 January 2007, Romania's ascension.

^ Potočnik served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Slovenia's ascension.

^ Matutes served in the Delors I Commission from 5 January 1986, Spain's ascension.

^ ^a^b Matutes served in the Delors III Commission until 27 April 1994, when Oreja assumed office.

^ Marín served in the Delors I Commission from 5 January 1986, Spain's ascension.

^ Marín was elevated to President of the Commission from 16 March 1999 to 12 September 1999 following Jacques Santer's resignation.

^ ^a^b Solbes served in the Prodi Commission until 10 April 2004. Almunia assumed office on 24 April 2004.

^ Clinton-Davis held the Consumer Protection brief in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.

^ ^a^b Mandelson served in the Barroso I Commission until 3 October 2008. Ashton assumed office on 24 October 2008.

^ Ashton held the Trade brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 December 2009. She was then moved to Foreign Affairs and Security Policy for the rest of her term.

^ ^a^b Hill served in the Juncker Commission until 16 July 2016. King replaced him on 19 September 2016.

[1] Ferrero-Waldner held the External Relations brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 December 2009, when Catherine Ashton became High Representative. She was then moved to Trade for the rest of her term.

[2] Coppé was elevated to President of the High Authority from 1 March 1967 to 5 July 1967 following Rinaldo Del Bo's resignation.

[3] Finet served in the Del Bo Authority from 10 January 1964 to 18 May 1965, his death.

[Busquin-4] Busquin served in the Prodi Commission until 18 July 2004, when Michel assumed office.

[Michel-5] Michel served in the Barroso I Commission until 17 July 2009, when De Gucht assumed office.

[6] Kuneva served in the Barroso I Commission from 1 January 2007, Bulgaria's accession.

[Georgieva-7] Georgieva served in the Juncker Commission until 1 January 2017. Gabriel has been nominated to replace her and is pending confirmation.

[8] Mimica served in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2013, Croatia's accession.

[9] Kyprianou served in the Prodi Commission from 1 January 2004, Cyprus's accession.

[Kyprianou-10] Kyprianou served in the Barroso I Commission until 3 March 2008, when Vassiliou assumed office.

[11] Telička served in the Prodi Commission from 1 January 2004, the Czech Republic's accession.

[Gundelach-12] Gundelach served in the Thorn Commission until 13 January 1981, his death. Dalsager assumed office on 20 January 1981.

[13] Kallas served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Estonia's ascension.

[Liikanen-14] Liikanen served in the Prodi Commission until 12 July 2004, when Rehn assumed office.

[15] Rehn was elevated to Vice President and given the Euro brief in the Barroso II Commission from 27 October 2011.

[Rehn-16] Rehn served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014, when Katainen assumed office.

[17] Reynaud served in the Del Bo Authority until September 1963; he served again from 10 January 1964.

[Cheysson-18] Cheysson served in the Thorn Commission until 23 April 1981. Pisani assumed office on 26 May 1981.

[19] Pisani served in the Thorn Commission from 26 May 1981 – 3 December 1984 and was not replaced.

[Barnier-20] Barnier served in the Prodi Commission until 31 March 2004, when Barrot assumed office.

[21] Barrot held the Transport brief in the Barroso I Commission until 9 May 2008, when Franco Frattini resigned. He was then moved to Justice, Freedom and Security for the rest of his term.

[22] Barnier was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.

[23] Etzel served in the Mayer Authority until 28 October 1957.

[24] Blücher served in the Finet Authority until 26 March 1959, his death.

[Potthof-25] Potthof served in the Malvestiti Authority until 10 August 1962. He was replaced by Hettlage on 14 December 1962.

[26] Hellwig served in the Del Bo Authority from 10 January 1964.

[Pfeiffer-27] Pfeiffer served in the Delors I Commission until 1 August 1987, his death. He was replaced by Schmidhuber on 2 September 1987.

[28] Pfeiffer held the Employment, Credit and Investment briefs in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.

[29] Oettinger was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.

[30] After Kristalina Georgieva's resignation on 1 January 2017, Oettinger held both the Digital Economy and Society portfolio and the Budget and Human Resources portfolio from that date.

[31] Varfis held the Regional Policy and Parliamentary Relations briefs in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.

[Diamantopoulou-32] Diamantopoulou served in the Prodi Commission until 10 March 2004, when Dimas assumed office.

[33] Balázs served in the Prodi Commission from 1 January 2004, Hungary's accession.

[34] Hillery served in the Ortoli Commission until 2 December 1976 and was not replaced.

[O'Kennedy-35] O'Kennedy served in the Thorn Commission until 3 March 1982. Burke assumed office on 1 April 1982.

[36] the Social Affairs, Education and Training briefs in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.

[37] Del Bo served as President of the High Authority until 1 March 1967, when Albert Coppé assumed office. There was no replacement in the interim Coppé Authority.

[Malvestiti-38] Malvestiti served in the Hallstein I Commission until 15 September 1959. Caron assumed office on 24 November 1959.

[Petrilli-39] Petrilli served in the Hallstein I Commission until 8 February 1961, when Sandri assumed office.

[Caron-40] Caron served in the Hallstein II Commission until 15 May 1963. Paliano assumed office on 30 July 1964.

[41] Sandri was elevated to Vice President in the Hallstein II Commission from 30 July 1965.

[Paliano-42] Paliano served in the Rey Commission until 8 May 1970 and was not replaced.

[Spinelli-43] Spinelli served in the Ortoli Commission until 13 July 1976, when Guazzaroni assumed office.

[Frattini-44] Frattini served in the Barroso I Commission until 23 April 2008. Tajani assumed office on 18 June 2008.

[Tajani-45] Tajani served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014. Feroci assumed office on 16 July 2014.

[46] Kalniete served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Latvia's ascension.

[47] After Jonathan Hill's resignation on 16 July 2016, Dombrovskis held both the Euro and Social Dialogue portfolio and the Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union portfolio from that date.

[48] Grybauskaitė served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Lithuania's ascension.

[Grybauskaitė-49] Grybauskaitė served in the Barroso I Commission until 1 July 2009, when Šemeta assumed office.

[50] Fohrmann served in the Del Bo / Coppé Authority from 30 June 1965.

[Rasquin-51] Rasquin served in the Hallstein I Commission until 27 April 1958, his death. Schaus assumed office on 18 June 1958.

[52] Santer served as President of the Commission until 15 March 1999, when Manuel Marín assumed office.

[Reding-53] Reding served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014. Reicherts assumed office on 16 July 2014.

[54] Borg served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Malta's ascension.

[Dalli-55] Dalli served in the Barroso II Commission until 16 October 2012. Borg assumed office on 28 November 2012.

[56] Borg held the Consumer Policy brief in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2013, with Croatia's accession.

[Spierenburg-57] Spierenburg served in the Malvestiti Authority until 25 September 1962. Homan assumed office on 15 December 1962.

[58] Spierenburg served in the Del Bo Authority until 7 June 1965 and was not replaced.

[59] Andriessen held the Fisheries brief in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, Portugal's ascension.

[60] Hübner served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Poland's ascension.

[Hübner-61] Hübner served in the Barroso I Commission until 4 July 2009, when Samecki assumed office.

[Lewandowski-62] Lewandowski served in the Barroso II Commission until 1 July 2014. Dominik assumed office from 16 July 2014.

[63] Cunha served in the Delors I Commission from 5 January 1986, Portugal's ascension.

[64] Orban served in the Barroso I Commission from 1 January 2007, Romania's accession.

[65] Figeľ served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Slovakia's ascension.

[66] Figeľ held the Multilingualism brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 January 2007, Romania's ascension.

[67] Potočnik served in the Prodi Commission from 1 May 2004, Slovenia's ascension.

[68] Matutes served in the Delors I Commission from 5 January 1986, Spain's ascension.

[Matutes-69] Matutes served in the Delors III Commission until 27 April 1994, when Oreja assumed office.

[70] Marín served in the Delors I Commission from 5 January 1986, Spain's ascension.

[71] Marín was elevated to President of the Commission from 16 March 1999 to 12 September 1999 following Jacques Santer's resignation.

[Solbes-72] Solbes served in the Prodi Commission until 10 April 2004. Almunia assumed office on 24 April 2004.

[73] Clinton-Davis held the Consumer Protection brief in the Delors I Commission until 5 January 1986, with Portugal and Spain's accession.

[Mandelson-74] Mandelson served in the Barroso I Commission until 3 October 2008. Ashton assumed office on 24 October 2008.

[75] Ashton held the Trade brief in the Barroso I Commission until 1 December 2009. She was then moved to Foreign Affairs and Security Policy for the rest of her term.

[Hill-76] Hill served in the Juncker Commission until 16 July 2016. King replaced him on 19 September 2016.

v t e Presidents of the European Commission
High Authority of the Coal and Steel Community (1952–1967)	Jean Monnet (1952–55) René Mayer (1955–58) Paul Finet (1958–59) Piero Malvestiti (1959–63) Rinaldo Del Bo (1963–67) Acting: Albert Coppé (1967)
Commission of the Atomic Energy Community (1958–1967)	Louis Armand (1958–59) Étienne Hirsch (1959–62) Pierre Chatenet (1962–67)
Commission of the Economic Community (1958–1967)	Walter Hallstein (1958–67)
Commission of the Communities (1967–2009)	Jean Rey (1967–70) Franco Maria Malfatti (1970–72) Sicco Mansholt (1972–73) François-Xavier Ortoli (1973–77) Roy Jenkins (1977–81) Gaston Thorn (1981–85) Jacques Delors (1985–95) Jacques Santer (1995–99) Acting: Manuel Marín (1999) Romano Prodi (1999–2004) José Manuel Barroso (2004–9)
Commission (2009–present)	José Manuel Barroso (2009–14) Jean-Claude Juncker (2014–present)
Commission President President of the European Council Council Presidency President of the European Parliament

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