The California League is a Minor League Baseball league which operates throughout California. it is classified at the Class A-Advanced, three steps below Major League Baseball. Most players reach this level in their third or fourth year of professional play.
All of the current teams are playing in stadiums that have been built or extensively renovated since 1990. They also are affiliated with MLB teams located west of the Rockies. League attendance continues to increase each season, with over one million fans attending games per year, part of a general nationwide growth and expansion to smaller towns, cities, and regions below those in the National League or American League with Minor League Baseball at various levels of play in growing popularity in the last few decades. The league is divided into a Northern Division and a Southern Division.
Contents
1History
2Current teams
2.1Current team rosters
3California League Champions
4Complete team list (1941–42, 1946–present)
4.1Cities that have had California League Teams (current in bold)
5Team list (prior incarnations)
5.11906–09
5.21896, 1898–1902
5.31879–1893
6California League Hall of Fame
7Awards
7.1Most Valuable Player
7.2Pitcher of the Year
7.3Rookie of the Year
7.4Manager of the Year
7.5Doug Harvey Award
8See also
9References
10External links
History
There were various attempts in the late 1800s and early 1900s to form a "California League" on the West Coast, considering the distance of the two current major leagues which generally had teams only in the Northeast and were restricted at first until World War I by long distance train travel. The first organized California League lasted from 1887–1889, then another followed in 1891, and 1893, and finally in 1899–1902. After the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, an organization of minor leagues was formed in 1902, (following the "truce" and agreements between the older National League of 1876 and the newly "upstart" American League of 1901), the California League operated outside the NAPBL system as an independent league in 1902 and again from 1907–1909. This led to huge differences in the quality of teams competing with each other. In 1907, the San Francisco team was 3-34, while later in 1908 San Francisco was 9-67 and Oakland was 4-71. Oakland and San Francisco competed in every year of these various state leagues, with San Francisco having two teams during 1887-88.
The current California League was founded in 1941, and included teams in Anaheim, Bakersfield, Fresno, Merced, Riverside, San Bernardino, Santa Barbara, and Stockton. The following year, as a result of World War II, the league dropped to four teams, then ceased and suspended operations altogether, although major league baseball and some minor leagues continued as much as possible with limited availability of players during the war years. It reorganized and came back in 1946, adding teams in Visalia, San Jose, and Ventura by 1947. Further east, Reno, Nevada joined the league in 1955 with the movement of the old Channel Cities Oilers in Santa Barbara and continued as a member for 37 years.
Though nicknames and affiliations shifted, the California League's postwar configuration was largely stable by the late 1950s; four of the six cities in the league in 1960 would still be part of the league 50 years later. The league reached eight clubs in 1966 and would hold that for ten years, briefly dipped to six before wavering between eight and nine clubs in the early eighties, then reached ten in 1986 and held that configuration for thirty-one seasons. From 1996 to 2016, the league had a remarkably stable alignment for Class A baseball, with no teams moving or folding for twenty-one years. After the 2016 season, the Bakersfield Blaze, long dogged by inadequate facilities and unable to negotiate significant repairs, and the High Desert Mavericks, suffering from falling attendance and a lease dispute with the city of Adelanto, were folded; the High-A level replaced them by expanding the Carolina League to ten teams.[2]
Current teams
Nuts
Giants
Ports
Rawhide
66ers
Storm
JetHawks
Quakes
Current California League team locations:
North Division
South Division
Division
Team
MLB Affiliation
City
Stadium
Capacity
North
Modesto Nuts
Seattle Mariners
Modesto, California
John Thurman Field
4,000
San Jose Giants
San Francisco Giants
San Jose, California
San Jose Municipal Stadium
4,200
Stockton Ports
Oakland Athletics
Stockton, California
Banner Island Ballpark
5,300
Visalia Rawhide
Arizona Diamondbacks
Visalia, California
Recreation Park
2,468
South
Inland Empire 66ers
Los Angeles Angels
San Bernardino, California
San Manuel Stadium
5,000
Lake Elsinore Storm
San Diego Padres
Lake Elsinore, California
Lake Elsinore Diamond
7,866
Lancaster JetHawks
Colorado Rockies
Lancaster, California
The Hangar
6,860
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes
Los Angeles Dodgers
Rancho Cucamonga, California
LoanMart Field
6,200
Current team rosters
Main article: California League rosters
California League Champions
Year by Year list of league champions:
Main article: List of California League champions
Complete team list (1941–42, 1946–present)
Anaheim Aces (1941), folded by onset of World War II, one of six minor league baseball teams in Orange County, California from 1901 to 1955.
Fresno Cardinals (1941–42), folded by onset of World War II.
High Desert Mavericks (1982–2016, as Salinas Spurs 1982–87; as Riverside Red Wave in 1988–90)
Inland Empire 66ers (1941–42, 1946–present, as Fresno Cardinals in 1941–42, 1946–56; as Fresno Sun Sox in 1957; as Fresno Giants in 1958–87; as Fresno Suns in 1988; as Salinas Spurs in 1989–92; as San Bernardino Spirit in 1993–95; as San Bernardino Stampede in 1996–02 under affiliations with the Los Angeles Dodgers and Seattle Mariners).
Lake Elsinore Storm (1979–present, as Santa Clara Padres in 1979; as Redwood Pioneers in 1980–85; as Palm Springs Angels in 1986–93).
Lancaster JetHawks (1966–present, as Reno Silver Sox in 1966–81; as Reno Padres in 1982–87; as Reno Silver Sox under affiliation with the Chicago White Sox in 1988–92; as Riverside Pilots under affiliation with the Seattle Mariners in 1993–95; and played some games in Palm Springs).
Las Vegas Wranglers (1947–58, as San Jose Red Sox in 1947–55; as San Jose JoSox in 1956–57; as San Jose Pirates in 1958; moved to Salinas in mid-season 1958 and Las Vegas during 1959 season).
Merced Bears (1941), folded by onset of World War II, no California League team there ever since.
Modesto Colts (1946–64, as Modesto Reds in 1946–61), folded by 1962.
Modesto Nuts (1946–present, as Modesto Reds in 1946–61; as Modesto Yankees 1962–69, Modesto Cardinals 1970–74 and Modesto A's 1975–2004)
Oakland Oaks (1941, moved to Visalia as a result of World War II 1942–45); Oakland became a Pacific Coast League city, while Visalia Oaks folded by 1944.
Palm Springs Angels (1985–93) before relocation to Lake Elsinore in 1994. Palm Springs was the former spring training camp for the then-California Angels from 1961 to 1993. Palm Springs held other minor league and collegiate teams in the 1990s and 2000s.
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes (1966–present, as Lodi Crushers under affiliation with the San Francisco Giants in 1966–69; as Lodi Padres in 1970–71; as Lodi Orioles in 1972; as Lodi Lions in 1973; as Lodi Orions 1974–75 all under affiliation with the Baltimore Orioles; as Lodi Dodgers in 1976–83; as Lodi Crushers under affiliation with the Seattle Mariners in 1984; as Ventura County Gulls in 1986; as San Bernardino Spirit in 1987–92) but another team with the name appeared.
Reno Silver Sox (1947–64, as Ventura Yankees in 1947–49; as Ventura Braves in 1950–52; as Ventura Oilers in 1953; as Channel Cities Oilers under affiliation with the Milwaukee Braves in 1954–55; moved to Reno during 1955 season; as Reno Oilers in 1955; became Reno Silver Sox during 1955 season) to become Kansas City/Oakland A's and Minnesota Twins affiliate in 1961 to 1969.
Riverside Reds (1941), when the city was the spring training camp for the Cincinnati Reds until the outbreak of World War II.
Salinas Packers (1941–42, 1946–1958, as Santa Barbara Saints in 1941–42; as Santa Barbara Dodgers in 1946–53).
Salinas Indians (1946–65, as Visalia Cubs in 1946–56; as Visalia Redlegs in 1957–59; as Visalia A's in 1960–61; as Visalia White Sox in 1962, as Salinas Mets in 1963–64).
Salinas Angels (1946–80, as Stockton Ports in 1946–72; as Salinas Packers under affiliation with the Milwaukee Brewers in 1973–75)
San Bernardino Stars (1941) folded by onset of World War II.
San Jose Giants (1988–present)
San Jose Expos (1982)
San Jose Missions (1979–1981) (Pacific Coast League 1977–1978).
San Jose Bees (1962–1976) under affiliation of the Oakland A's, Kansas City Royals, Milwaukee Brewers and Seattle Mariners.
San Jose Bees (1983–1987), two team: one under affiliation of the Baltimore Orioles, and the former Fresno team affiliated by the San Francisco Giants.
San Jose Pirates (1958) relocated to Salinas in mid-season and to Las Vegas in 1959.
San Jose Red Sox (1947–1955), *San Jose JoSox (1956–1957) under affiliation with the Boston Red Sox.
San Jose Owls (1942), folded in mid-season.
Stockton Flyers (1941), merged with the Anaheim Aces as both teams folded by onset of World War II.
Stockton Ports (1978–present, as Stockton Mariners in 1978; as Stockton Ports in 1979–99; as Mudville Nine in 2000–01)
Ventura County Gulls (1985–86) under the Mariners and later Blue Jays.
Visalia Mets (1962–75, as Santa Barbara Rancheros in 1962–63; as Santa Barbara Dodgers in 1964–67) before relocation to Bakersfield.
Visalia Rawhide (1946–1962, 1968–1975, 1977–present), (1946–1952 & 1954–56 as Visalia Cubs, 1953 as Visalia Stars, 1957–59 as Visalia Redlegs, 1960–61 as Visalia A's, 1962 as Visalia White Sox, 1968–75 as Visalia Mets, 1978–1992 & 1995–2008 as Visalia Oaks, Central Valley Rockies in 1993–94) while playing half of their games in Fresno.
The Los Angeles area, Riverside, San Bernardino, Palm Springs, Yuma (AZ) and Las Vegas (NV) were also major league spring training site cities, as well possessed California League teams on different occasions.
Cities that have had California League Teams (current in bold)
The California League inducted its first class of 15 inductees into its Hall of Fame in 2016.[4]
Awards
Most Valuable Player
Main article: California League Most Valuable Player Award
The California League Most Valuable Player Award was established in 1941.
Pitcher of the Year
For award winners, see footnote.[5]
Rookie of the Year
For award winners, see footnote.[5]
Manager of the Year
For award winners, see footnote.[5]
Doug Harvey Award
The Doug Harvey Award—established in 2010—is for the umpire of the year.[5]
See also
Baseball awards § California League
References
^"Personnel and Staff". California League. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved July 27, 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^"Cal League to downsize in 2017". California League. Minor League Baseball. August 22, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
^"California League (Adv A) Encyclopedia and History".
^"California League League Hall of Fame". California League. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ abcdGo to the California League website (Minor League Baseball; retrieved on 2017-05-23), click on "About" and then "League Award Winners" and then scroll down through the five awards. The Doug Harvey Award is at the bottom.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to California League.
1 2 I'm trying to develop a multiplot heatmap.2 saved to a pdf. I'm having some success but the axis labels are getting chopped off. Subplot titles are also desirable but again the labels are getting chopped. Here's my reproducible code: library(gridExtra) library(grid) library(gridGraphics) library(gplots) Col = colorRampPalette(c("red","orange","yellow", "white")) grab_grob <- function() grid.echo() grid.grab() par(cex.main=0.1, mar = c(1,1,1,1) ) #data<-read.table("heatmap.input.matrix.data.txt") lmat = rbind(c(2,3),c(4,1),c(4,1)) lwid = c(2.5,4) lhei = c(0.5,4,3) labRowvec <- c(rep(NULL, dim(matrix(runif(1000, 1,10),ncol=50))[1])) labColvec <- c(rep(NULL, dim(matrix(runif(1000, 1,10),ncol=50))[2])) gl <- lapply(1:12, function(i) heatmap.2(matrix(runif(1000, 1,10),ncol=50), dendrogram = "none",offsetRow=-0.5, offsetCol=-1,srtCol=0, density="density", lmat =lmat,lhei = l
Art museum in Rovereto TN, Italy Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Trento and Rovereto Museo d'arte moderna e contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto MART, Entrance Location Corso Angelo Bettini, 43, 38068 Rovereto TN, Italy Coordinates 45°53′38″N 11°02′42″E / 45.8940°N 11.0450°E / 45.8940; 11.0450 Coordinates: 45°53′38″N 11°02′42″E / 45.8940°N 11.0450°E / 45.8940; 11.0450 Type Art museum Director Gianfranco Maraniello Public transit access Trento train station. Taxis outside station. Website mart.trento.it The Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Trento and Rovereto (MART) ( Museo d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto , in Italian) is a museum centre in the Italian province of Trento. The main site is in Rovereto, and contains mostly modern and contemporary artworks, including works from renowned Giorgio Morandi, Giorgio de Chirico, Felice Casorati, Carlo Carrà and Fortunato Depero. Fortunato Depero's house in Rovereto (known as Casa d
