Valanginian






















































System/
Period

Series/
Epoch

Stage/
Age

Age (Ma)

Paleogene

Paleocene

Danian

younger

Cretaceous
Upper/
Late

Maastrichtian
66.0
72.1

Campanian
72.1
83.6

Santonian
83.6
86.3

Coniacian
86.3
89.8

Turonian
89.8
93.9

Cenomanian
93.9
100.5
Lower/
Early

Albian
100.5
~113.0

Aptian
~113.0
~125.0

Barremian
~125.0
~129.4

Hauterivian
~129.4
~132.9

Valanginian
~132.9
~139.8

Berriasian
~139.8
~145.0

Jurassic

Upper/
Late

Tithonian

older
Subdivision of the Cretaceous system
according to the ICS, as of 2017.[1]

In the geologic timescale, the Valanginian is an age or stage of the Early or Lower Cretaceous. It spans between 139.8 ± 3.0 Ma and 132.9 ± 2.0 Ma (million years ago). The Valanginian stage succeeds the Berriasian stage of the Lower Cretaceous and precedes the Hauterivian stage of the Lower Cretaceous.[2]




Contents





  • 1 Stratigraphic definitions

    • 1.1 Subdivision



  • 2 Palaeontology

    • 2.1 †Ankylosaurs


    • 2.2 Birds (avian theropods)


    • 2.3 Crocodylomorphs


    • 2.4 †Ornithopods


    • 2.5 †Pterosaurs


    • 2.6 †Sauropods


    • 2.7 †Stegosaurs


    • 2.8 †Theropods (non-avian)



  • 3 References

    • 3.1 Notes


    • 3.2 Literature



  • 4 External links




Stratigraphic definitions


The Valanginian was first described and named by Édouard Desor in 1853. It is named after Valangin, a small town north of Neuchâtel in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland.


The base of the Valanginian is at the first appearance of calpionellid species Calpionellites darderi in the stratigraphic column. A global reference section (a GSSP) had in 2009 not yet been appointed.


The top of the Valanginian (the base of the Hauterivian) is at the first appearance of the ammonite genus Acanthodiscus.



Subdivision


The Valanginian is often subdivided in Lower and Upper substages. The Upper substage begins at the first appearance of ammonite species Saynoceras verrucosum and the major marine transgression Va3.


In the Tethys domain, the Valanginian stage contains five ammonite biozones:


  • zone of Criosarasinella furcillata

  • zone of Neocomites peregrinus

  • zone of Saynoceras verrucosum

  • zone of Busnardoites campylotoxus

  • zone of Tirnovella pertransiens


Palaeontology



†Ankylosaurs













Ankylosauria of the Valanginian
Taxa
Presence
Location
Description
Images

  • Hylaeosaurus







Hylaeosaurus



Birds (avian theropods)

















Birds of the Valanginian
Taxa
Presence
Location
Description
Images


  • Gallornis[3]

France




  • Wyleyia[3]




Crocodylomorphs





















Crocodylomorphs of the Valanginian
Taxa
Presence
Location
Description
Images


  • Geosaurus lapparenti[4]







Enaliosuchus




  • Enaliosuchus[4]




  • Machimosaurus






†Ornithopods





























Ornithopoda of the Valanginian
Taxa
Presence
Location
Description
Images

  • Fulgurotherium

Australia
May be a chimera based on multiple species of ornithopods.




Iguanodon





Lanzhousaurus





Valdosaurus



  • Iguanodon

Europe


  • Kangnasaurus

Cape Province, South Africa
Generally considered nomen dubium, it classified as a genus similar to Dryosaurus, i.e. an iguanodont.

  • Lanzhousaurus


Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Notable for its "astonishingly huge teeth", among the largest for any herbivorous creature ever, which indicate it is an iguanodont. The mandible, longer than one meter, suggests very large size for the animal.

  • Valdosaurus

Isle of Wight, England; Niger, Africa
A dryosaurid


†Pterosaurs

























Pterosaurs of the Valanginian
Taxa
Presence
Location
Description
Images

  • Amblydectes

Berriasian-Albian
UK





Pterodaustro



  • Lonchodraco




  • Pterodaustro


Lagarcito Formation, San Luis Province, Argentina; Chile


  • Serradraco


Sussex, England


†Sauropods

















Sauropods of the Valanginian
Taxa
Presence
Location
Description
Images


  • Algoasaurus[3]






  • Xenoposeidon[3]




†Stegosaurs





















Stegosaurs of the Valanginian
Taxa
Presence
Location
Description
Images


  • Craterosaurus[3]







Wuerhosaurus



  • Paranthodon




  • Wuerhosaurus




†Theropods (non-avian)




























Non-Avian Theropods of the Valanginian
Taxa
Presence
Location
Description
Images

  • Kinnareemimus







Nqwebasaurus




  • Nqwebasaurus[3]





  • Phaedrolosaurus[3]




  • Siamotyrannus

Berriasian-Barremian



Sao Khua Formation, Thailand




  • Xinjiangovenator




References



Notes




  1. ^ http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale


  2. ^ See Gradstein et al. (2004) for a detailed geologic timescale


  3. ^ abcdefg Dating uncertain.


  4. ^ ab Only known from this stage.




Literature



  • .mw-parser-output .smallcapsfont-variant:small-caps
    Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; (2004): A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.


External links


  • GeoWhen Database - Valanginian


  • Mid-Cretaceous timescale and ühttp://stratigraphy.science.purdue.edu/charts/Timeslices/5_JurCret.pdf Jurassic-Cretaceous timescale], at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS


  • Stratigraphic chart of the Lower Cretaceous, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy






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