Mahananda River

























Mahananda River
Mohanonda river (মহানন্দা নদী).jpg
Location
Country
India, Bangladesh
State
West Bengal, Bihar
Cities
Siliguri, Ingraj Bazar
Physical characteristics
SourceHimalayas

MouthGanges
 - location
Godagiri, Nawabganj District, Bangladesh
 - coordinates

24°29′24″N 88°18′14″E / 24.49000°N 88.30389°E / 24.49000; 88.30389Coordinates: 24°29′24″N 88°18′14″E / 24.49000°N 88.30389°E / 24.49000; 88.30389
Length360 km (220 mi)
Basin features
Tributaries 
 - left
Tangon River, Nagar River (Rangpur)
 - right
Mechi River, Kankai River, Balason River, Kalindri River

The Mahananda River (Pron:/ˌməhɑːˈnʌndə or ˌmɑːhəˈnʌndə/) (Nepali: महानदी, Hindi: महानन्दा नदी, Bengali: মহানন্দা নদী) is a trans-boundary river that flows through the Indian states of West Bengal and Bihar, and Bangladesh.




Contents





  • 1 Course

    • 1.1 Basin data


    • 1.2 Tributaries



  • 2 History


  • 3 References


  • 4 External links




Course




Mahananda river- view from captain mohiudding jahangir( bir shreshtha) bridge at Nawabganj district


The Mahananda originates in the Himalayas: Paglajhora Falls on Mahaldiram Hill near Chimli, east of Kurseong in Darjeeling district at an elevation of 2,100 metres (6,900 ft).[1][2][3] It flows through Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary and descends to the plains near Siliguri. It touches Jalpaiguri district.[2][4]


It enters Bangladesh near Tentulia in Panchagarh District, flows for 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) after Tentulia and returns to India.[5] After flowing through Uttar Dinajpur district in West Bengal and Kishanganj and Katihar districts in Bihar, it enters Malda district in West Bengal.[6][7] The Mahananda divides the district into two regions — the eastern region, consisting mainly of old alluvial and relatively infertile soil is commonly known as Barind (Borendrovomee), and the western region, which is further subdivided by the river Kalindri into two areas, the northern area is known as "Tal". It is low-lying and vulnerable to inundation during rainy season; the southern area consists of very fertile land and is thickly populated, being commonly known as "Diara".[8]


It joins the Ganges at Godagiri in Nawabganj district in Bangladesh.[1]



Basin data


The total length of the Mahananda is 360 kilometres (220 mi),[9] out of which 324 kilometres (201 mi) are in India and 36 kilometres (22 mi) are in Bangladesh.


The total drainage area of the Mahananda is 20,600 square kilometres (8,000 sq mi) out of which 11,530 square kilometres (4,450 sq mi) are in India.[1]



Tributaries


The main tributaries of the Mahananda are Balason, Mechi, Kankai [1] and River Kalindri. At the East of the confluence of the Kalindri and the Mahananda lies the Old Malda town. In the Siliguri area it has three tributaries called the Trinai, Ranochondi and the pair of Chokor and Dauk taken as a single tributary.[2]



History


The Kosi (Kausiki), which flows through the northeastern Bihar and joins the Ganges at a point much higher up than Rajmahal, originally ran eastward and fell into the Brahmaputra. The channel of the Kosi, therefore, must have been steadily shifting toward the west, right across the whole breadth of North Bengal. There was a time when the Kosi and the Mahananda joined the Karatoya and formed a sort of ethnic boundary between people living south of it and the Kochs and Kiratas living north of the river.[10]



References




  1. ^ abcd Sharad K. Jain; Pushpendra K. Agarwal; Vijay P. Singh. Hydrology and Water Resources of India. p. 360. Google books. Retrieved 2010-05-14..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ abc "Rivers in Siliguri". Mahananda River. Siliguri on line. Retrieved 2010-05-14.


  3. ^ "Rivers". Darjeeling News.Net. Retrieved 2010-05-14.


  4. ^ "Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary". nature beyond. Retrieved 2010-05-14.


  5. ^ "News from Bangladesh". Retrieved 2010-05-14.


  6. ^ "Uttar Dinajpur district". Uttar Dinajpur district administration. Retrieved 2010-05-14.


  7. ^ "Kishanganj district". Kishanganj district administration. Archived from the original on 8 April 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2010.


  8. ^ "Malda district". Malda district administration. Retrieved 2010-05-14.


  9. ^ "Mahananda River". Britannica. Retrieved 2010-05-14.


  10. ^ Majumdar, Dr. R.C., History of Ancient Bengal, first published 1971, reprint 2005, p. 4, Tulshi Prakashani, Kolkata,
    ISBN 81-89118-01-3.




External links



  • Sultana Nasrin Baby (2012), "Mahananda River", in Sirajul Islam; Ahmed A. Jamal, Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh










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