Hungarian Rhapsodies


"Hungarian Rhapsody" redirects here. For the 1979 Hungarian film, see Hungarian Rhapsody (film). For the 1928 German film, see Hungarian Rhapsody (1928 film). For the 1954 film, see Hungarian Rhapsody (1954 film). For the 2012 Queen concert film, see Hungarian Rhapsody: Queen Live in Budapest.

The Hungarian Rhapsodies, S.244, R.106 (French: Rhapsodies hongroises, German: Ungarische Rhapsodien, Hungarian: Magyar rapszódiák), is a set of 19 piano pieces based on Hungarian folk themes, composed by Franz Liszt during 1846–1853, and later in 1882 and 1885. Liszt also arranged versions for orchestra, piano duet and piano trio.


Some are better known than others, with Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 being particularly famous and No. 6, No. 10, No. 12 and No. 14 (especially as arranged for piano and orchestra as the Hungarian Fantasy) also being well known.


In their original piano form, the Hungarian Rhapsodies are noted for their difficulty (Liszt was a virtuoso pianist as well as a composer).




Contents





  • 1 Form


  • 2 Extant versions


  • 3 List of the Hungarian Rhapsodies


  • 4 References


  • 5 Bibliography


  • 6 External links




Form


Liszt incorporated many themes he had heard in his native western Hungary and which he believed to be folk music, though many were in fact tunes written by members of the Hungarian upper middle class, or by composers such as József Kossovits,[1] often played by Roma (Gypsy) bands. The large scale structure of each was influenced by the verbunkos, a Hungarian dance in several parts, each with a different tempo. Within this structure, Liszt preserved the two main structural elements of typical Gypsy improvisation—the lassan ("slow") and the friska ("fast"). At the same time, Liszt incorporated a number of effects unique to the sound of Gypsy bands, especially the pianistic equivalent of the cimbalom. He also makes much use of the Hungarian gypsy scale.[2]



Extant versions


Nos. 2, 5, 6, 9, 12, and 14 were arranged for orchestra by Franz Doppler, with revisions by Liszt himself. These orchestrations appear as S.359 in the Searle catalogue; however, the numbers given to these versions were different from their original numbers. The orchestral rhapsodies numbered 1-6 correspond to the piano solo versions numbered 14, 2, 6, 12, 5 and 9 respectively.


In 1874, Liszt also arranged the same six rhapsodies for piano duet (S.621). In 1882 he made a piano duet arrangement of No. 16 (S.622), and in 1885 a piano duet version of No. 18 (S.623) and No. 19 (S.623a). Liszt also arranged No. 12 (S.379a) and No. 9 (S.379) for piano, violin and cello.


No. 14 was also the basis of Liszt's Hungarian Fantasia for piano and orchestra, S.123.



List of the Hungarian Rhapsodies


The set is as follows:


































































































































































NumberPiano
solo		OrchestraPiano
Duet		Piano
Trio		KeyDedicationComments
No. 1S.244/1---C-sharp minorEde SzerdahelyiLiszt made an earlier version entitled "Rêves et fantaisies"
No. 2S.244/2S.359/2S.621/2-C-sharp minorComte László Teleki
-
No. 3S.244/3---B-flat majorComte Leó Festetics
-
No. 4S.244/4---E-flat majorComte Casimir Esterházy-
No. 5S.244/5S.359/5S.621/5-E minorComtesse Sidonie ReviczkySubtitled Héroïde-élégiaque
No. 6S.244/6S.359/3S.621/3-D-flat majorComte Antoine d'Appony-
No. 7S.244/7---D minorBaron Fery Orczy-
No. 8S.244/8---F-sharp minorAnton Augusz-
No. 9S.244/9S.359/6S.621/6S.379E-flat majorHeinrich Wilhelm ErnstSubtitled Pesther Carneval
No. 10S. 244/10---E majorBéni EgressySubtitled "Preludio"
No. 11S. 244/11---A minorBaron Fery Orczy-
No. 12S.244/12S.359/4S.621/4S.379aC-sharp minorJoseph Joachim-
No. 13S.244/13---A minorComte Leó Festetics
-
No. 14S.244/14S.359/1S.621/1-F minorHans von Bülowarranged for piano and orchestra as Hungarian Fantasia, S.123
No. 15S.244/15---A minor-Subtitled Rákóczi-Marsch
No. 16S.244/16-S.622-A minorMihály MunkácsySubtitled Budapest Munkácsy-Festlichkeiten
No. 17S.244/17---D minor--
No. 18S.244/18-S.623-F-sharp minor-Subtitled Ungarische Ausstellung in Budapest
No. 19S.244/19-S.623a-D minor-
d'après les 'Csárdás nobles' de K. Ábrányi (sr)

The first two were published in the year 1851, nos. 3–15 in 1853, and the last four were published in 1882 and 1886.



References




  1. ^ Walker, Virtuoso, 341.


  2. ^ Walker, Virtuoso, 335–6.




Bibliography


  • Walker, Alan, Franz Liszt: Volume 1, The Virtuoso Years: 1811-1847 (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1983). .mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
    ISBN 0-394-52540-X


  • Sony Classical Records, Horowitz Plays Rachmaninov and Liszt (Sony Music Entertainment (France) Inc., 2003). SMK90447 0904472001


External links



  • Hungarian Rhapsodies: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)








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