Dodecane

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Not to be confused with Dodecahedrane.





















































































Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12 or duodecane) is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)10CH3 (or C12H26), an oily liquid of the paraffin series. It has 355 isomers.


It is used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and scintillator component. It is used as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in reprocessing plants.[4]




Contents





  • 1 Combustion reaction


  • 2 Jet fuel surrogate


  • 3 See also


  • 4 References


  • 5 External links




Combustion reaction


The combustion reaction of dodecane is as follows:


C12H26(l) + 18.5 O2(g) → 12 CO2(g) + 13 H2O(g)

ΔH° = −7513 kJ

One litre of fuel needs about 15 kg of air to burn, and generates 2.3 kg (or 1.2 m3) of CO2 upon complete combustion.



Jet fuel surrogate


In recent years, n-dodecane has garnered attention as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A, S-8, and other conventional aviation fuels. It is considered a second-generation fuel surrogate designed to emulate the laminar flame speed, largely supplanting n-decane, primarily due to its higher molecular mass and lower hydrogen to carbon ratio which better reflect the n-alkane content of jet fuels.



See also


  • Higher alkanes

  • Kerosene

  • List of isomers of dodecane


References




  1. ^ "n-dodecane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 4 January 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/dodecane#section=Solubility


  3. ^ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=8182#x400


  4. ^ Rydberg, Jan (2004). Solvent Extraction Principles and Practice. Marcel Dekker. p. 524. ISBN 0-8247-5063-2.




External links



  • Caudwell, D.R.; Trusler, J.P.M.; Vesovic, V.; Wakeham, W.A. (2003-06-16). "The Viscosity and Density of n-Dodecane and n-Octadecane at Pressures up to 200 mPa and Temperatures up to 473 K" (PDF). NIST. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2006-10-09. Retrieved 2007-10-09.

  • Material Safety Data Sheet for Dodecane


  • Dodecane, Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Dodecane

Skeletal formula of dodecane

Skeletal formula of dodecane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added

Ball and stick model of dodecane
Names

IUPAC name
Dodecane[1]

Identifiers

CAS Number



  • 112-40-3 ☑Y


3D model (JSmol)


  • Interactive image


Beilstein Reference

1697175

ChEBI


  • CHEBI:28817 ☑Y


ChEMBL


  • ChEMBL30959 ☑Y


ChemSpider


  • 7890 ☑Y


DrugBank


  • DB02771 ☑Y


ECHA InfoCard

100.003.607

EC Number
203-967-9

Gmelin Reference

201408

KEGG


  • C08374 ☑Y


MeSH

n-dodecane


PubChem CID


  • 8182


RTECS number
JR2125000

UNII


  • 11A386X1QH ☑Y





Properties

Chemical formula


C12H26

Molar mass

7002170340000000000♠170.340 g·mol−1
Appearance
Colorless liquid

Odor
Gasoline-like to odorless

Density
0.7495 g mL−1 at 20 °C[2]

Melting point
 −10.0 to −9.3 °C; 14.1 to 15.2 °F; 263.2 to 263.8 K

Boiling point
 214 to 218 °C; 417 to 424 °F; 487 to 491 K

log P
6.821

Vapor pressure
18 Pa (at 25 °C)[3]


Henry's law
constant (kH)

1.4 nmol Pa−1 kg−1


Refractive index (nD)

1.421

Viscosity
1.34 mPa s
Thermochemistry


Heat capacity (C)

376.00 J K−1 mol−1


Std molar
entropy (So298)

490.66 J K−1 mol−1


Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfHo298)

−353.5–−350.7 kJ mol−1


Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcHo298)

−7901.74 kJ mol−1
Hazards

Safety data sheet

hazard.com

GHS pictograms

The health hazard pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)

GHS signal word

DANGER

GHS hazard statements


H304

GHS precautionary statements


P301+310, P331

NFPA 704



Flammability code 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g., diesel fuelHealth code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentineReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond

2


1


0




Flash point
 71 °C (160 °F; 344 K)

Autoignition
temperature

 205 °C (401 °F; 478 K)

Explosive limits
0.6%
Related compounds

Related alkanes


  • Undecane

  • Tridecane



Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).


☑Y verify (what is ☑Y☒N ?)

Infobox references



  • v

  • t

  • e


Alkanes



  • Methane (CH
    4    )


  • Ethane (C
    2    H
    6    )


  • Propane (C
    3    H
    8    )


  • Butane (C
    4    H
    10    )


  • Pentane (C
    5    H
    12    )


  • Hexane (C
    6    H
    14    )


  • Heptane (C
    7    H
    16    )


  • Octane (C
    8    H
    18    )


  • Nonane (C
    9    H
    20    )


  • Decane (C
    10    H
    22    )


  • Undecane (C
    11    H
    24    )


  • Dodecane (C
    12    H
    26    )


  • Tridecane (C
    13    H
    28    )


  • Tetradecane (C
    14    H
    30    )


  • Pentadecane (C
    15    H
    32    )


  • Hexadecane / Cetane (C
    16    H
    34    )


  • Heptadecane (C
    17    H
    36    )


  • Octadecane (C
    18    H
    38    )


  • Nonadecane (C
    19    H
    40    )


  • Icosane (C
    20    H
    42    )


  • Heneicosane (C
    21    H
    44    )


  • Tetracosane (C
    24    H
    50    )


  • Nonacosane (C
    29    H
    60    )


  • Hentriacontane (C
    31    H
    64    )


  • Higher alkanes

  • List of alkanes







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