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Sirhind-Fatehgarh
City
Sirhind-Fatehgarh Location in Punjab, India
Coordinates: 30°22′N 76°14′E / 30.367°N 76.233°E / 30.367; 76.233Coordinates: 30°22′N 76°14′E / 30.367°N 76.233°E / 30.367; 76.233
Country	India
State	Punjab
District	Fatehgarh Sahib
Population (2013)
• Total	60,852
Languages
• Official	Punjabi
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
[1]

Sirhind-Fatehgarh is a city and a municipal council in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the Indian state of Punjab.

Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Sirhind-Fatehgarh had a population of 60852. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sirhind-Fatehgarh has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 76%. In Sirhind-Fatehgarh, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Etymology

According to popular notion, the present name of the city, Sirhind, comes from 'Sar-i hind', meaning the Frontier of Hind, as Mughal invaders saw it as the 'gateway to Hindustan'.^[1][2] However, a 5th-century AD tribe 'Sairindhas Aryans, which inhabited this area, might have also led to its present name.^[3]

History

Varahamihira (505 – 587) in his Sanskrit treatise, Brihat Samhita, mentions the city as 'Satudar Desh', later it was inhabited by a tribe of 'Sairindhas Aryans, leading to its present name.^[3]
According to Huan Tsang, the Chinese traveller who visited India during the seventh century, Sirhind was the capital of the district of Shitotulo, or Shatadru (the present day River Sutlej).^[4]

Entrance to the Ramgarh Fort near Sirhind

In 12th century, Sirhind came under the rule of the Hindu Chauhan Rajputs of Delhi.^[5] During the rule of Prithvi Raj Chauhan (1168–1192), the Hindu Rajput ruler of Delhi, it became his military outpost.

It further rose in glory during the Mughal Empire, when it became its provincial capital, controlling the Lahore-Delhi Highway, the Grand Trunk Road. During the Mughal era, Sirhind was the name for Malwa, since it was the area's capital city. Sirhind was the headquarters of the Mughal administration in Eastern Punjab. Many European travellers describe its splendours, and it also developed into a center of cultural activity.^[6]

Ruins of Daulat Khana-E-Khas at Aam Khas Bagh', built by most probably, Sultan hafiz Rakhna, during the reign of emperor Akbar

Sirhind was known for the dozens of saints, scholars, poets, historians, calligraphers and scribes who lived there. This city is mostly famous to Muslims for Great saint Imām-e-Rabbānī Shaykh Ahmad al-Farūqī al-Sirhindī (R.) (1564–1624). He was an Indian Islamic scholar of Arab origin, a Hanafi jurist, and a prominent member of the Naqshbandī Sufi order. A large number of buildings survive from this period, including the fort named 'Aam Khas Bagh'; it is said that in its heyday, the city had 360 mosques, gardens, tombs, caravansarais and wells.

Younger sons of tenth Sikh guru Sri Guru Gobind Singh ji namely Baba Zorawar Singh ji and Baba Fateh singh ji were bricked alive at the age of 9 and 7 years rescpectively by then governor wazir khan. Gurudwara Sri Fatehgarh Sahib is established at that place to commemorate them. Baba Banda Singh Bahadur and his Dahiya Jat army in 1710 destroyed the city of Sirhind completely and killed Wazir Khan the governor. The Sikhs occupied Sirhind and made Bhai Baj Singh the governor.

How to reach Sirhind-Fatehgarh Sahib

One can visit Sirhind-Fatehgarh Sahib through various means of transport. Those are as follows -

By Air: The nearest International Airport from Fatehgarh Sahib is Chandigarh International Airport, roughly one hour drive from the district headquarters. It is well connected to the major cities like New Delhi, Bangalore, Jammu, Mumbai, Goa, Jaipur, Srinagar, Hyderabad and Leh via Indigo, Go Air, Air India, Air Asia India, Jet Airways, Spicejet and Vistara.

By Train: The major Railway Stations in this District are located at Fatehgarh Sahib City and Sirhind town. The Railway Station at Fatehgarh Sahib is located on Sirhind-Nangal Railway Line which is served by Northern Railways. The Sirhind Junction Railway Station is located on Delhi-Amritsar Section of Northern Railways. Many Regular as well as Super Fast Trains halt here.

By Road:Fatehgarh Sahib is 43 km from Chandigarh, 53 km from Ambala, 62 km from Ludhiana, 148 km from Saharanpur, 161 km from Shimla, 204 km from Dehradun, 213 km from Haridwar, 271 km from New Delhi and is connected through Punjab State Road Transport Corporation (PSRTC) and some private travel services.

Education Institutions in Sirhind-Fatehgarh Sahib

University

• Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University

Engineering College

• Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College

General degree colleges

• Mata Gujri College,Fatehgarh Sahib.


• Saffron College for Girls,Kotla Bajwara

Law College

• Lincoln College of Law, Sirhind

Polytechnic College

• Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Polytechnic College

Teacher Training College

• Lincoln College of Education, Sirhind

CBSE affiliated school

• Jesus Saviour's School,sirhind

CISCE affiliated school

• Baalak Yesu Convent School

Punjab School Education Board affiliated schools

• Ashoka Sen. Sec. School,Sirhind


• Baba Dyalpuri Sen.sec.school,Sirhind


• BZSFS.SEN.SEC PUBLIC SCHOOL,Fatehgarh Sahib


• Dyanand High School,Sirhind


• Government girls senior secondary school, Sirhind Mandi


• Divine Light Jnternational school


• Mata Sundri Public School,Fatehgarh Sahib


• M G Ashoka Girls College,Sirhind


• Rana Munshi Ram Sarvhitkari school, Sirhind


• St.Mary's School,Mahadian,Fatehgarh Sahib


• Sirhind Public School,Sirhind

Other

• Lakshya Computer Education, Sirhind Mandi

Historical & Religious places in Sirhind-Fatehgarh Sahib

• Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib


• Gurdwara Jyoti Sarup


• Gurdwara Shahid Ganj


• Gurdwara patshahi Chevin


• Rauza Sharif


• Tomb of Ustad and Shagird


• Tomb of Mir-I-Miran, Sirhind


• Aam Khas Bagh,Sirhind


• Mata Shri Chakreshwari Devi Jain Temple Village Attewali (Sirhind)


• Gurdwara moti ram mehra ji


• Jahaji Haveli, Haveli of Diwan Todar Mal


• Dasnami Akhara


• Tempal of Baba Dayal Puri

Gallery

Further reading

• 
  Subhash Parihar, History and Architectural Remains of Sirhind, 2006, Aryan Books International. .mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
  ISBN 81-7305-311-1.

Subhash Parihar, "Medieval Sirhind and its Monuments", Marg (Mumbai), vol. 55, no. 4, June 2004, pp. 42–57.
Subhash Parihar,"Historic Mosques of Sirhind". Islamic Studies, 43(3)(2004): 481-510.
Subhash Parihar,"Arabic and Persian Inscriptions from Sirhind". Islamic Studies, 38(2)(1999): 255-74.

References

External links

• Battle_of_Sirhind Battle of Sirhind at Sikhstudies.org


• www.sirhindinfo.com