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I'm just asking myself a question of what is the correct way of defining a function for a mongoose schema.

Lets take my UserSchema for example. In many of my routes i'd like to get information of the user so that i do a query getUserByUsername which include a findOne(username: username).

As i wrote, i am doing this in many routes. So to shorten my code i'd like to have this function just one time and not inside every route again and again. I want a central place from which i can call this function whenever i want.

So i started searching and found out, that it's valid to add functions directly inside my user.js which is my UserSchema definition.

The whole file looks like this:

user.js

const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const bcrypt = require('bcryptjs');
const config = require('../config/database');

const Partner = require('./partner');
const UserRights = require('./userRights');

//User Schema - Datenbankaufbau
const UserSchema = mongoose.Schema(
 name: 
 type: String
 ,
 email: 
 type: String,
 required: true
 ,
 username: 
 type: String,
 required: true
 ,
 password: 
 type: String,
 required: true
 ,
 partnerId: 
 type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, 
 ref: 'Partner' 
 ,
 userRights: 
 type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, 
 ref: 'UserRights' 
 ,
 isLoggedIn: 
 type: Boolean,
 default: false
 ,
 hasToRelog: 
 type: Boolean,
 default: false
 
);



const User = module.exports = mongoose.model('User', UserSchema);


// Find User by ID
module.exports.getUserById = function(id, callback) 
 User.findById(id, callback);


// Find User by Username
module.exports.getUserByUsername = function(username, callback) 
 const query = username: username;
 User.findOne(query, callback);

But i now want to know, if this is a correct way of storing functions or if there is a better / other way?

You should make a controller folder in which you will define the functions,and those functions will be called in route class in making any request.You can have a detailed idea in the below article.

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/routes