Carbonation
Multi tool useThis article is about carbonation reactions in chemistry. For carbonated beverages, see Soft drink § Carbonated drinks, and Carbonated water.
Carbonation refers to reactions of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid.[1] In chemistry, the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation, which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids.
In inorganic chemistry and geology, carbonation is common. Metal hydroxides (MOH) and metal oxides (M'O) react with CO2 to give bicarbonates and carbonates:
- MOH + CO2 → M(HCO3)
- M'O + CO2 → M'CO3
In reinforced concrete construction, the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide in the air and calcium hydroxide and hydrated calcium silicate in the concrete is known as neutralisation.
Henry's law
Henry's law states that PCO2=KBxCO2 Where PCO2 is the partial pressure of CO2 gas above the solution. KB is Henry's law constant. KB increases as temperature increases. xCO2 is the mole fraction of CO2 gas in the solution. According to Henry's law carbonation increases in a solution as temperature decreases.[2]
General references
^ "Impregnation or treatment with carbon dioxide; conversion into a carbonate."Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ "Henry's Law". ChemEngineering. Tangient LLC. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
Organometallic chemistry
|
|---|
| Principles | - Electron counting
- 18-electron rule
- polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory
- isolobal principle
- π backbonding
- hapticity
- d electron count
- Spin states
|
|---|
| Reactions | - Oxidative addition / reductive elimination
- migratory insertion
- β-hydride elimination
- transmetalation
- carbometalation
|
|---|
| Types of compounds | - Gilman reagents
- Grignard reagents
- cyclopentadienyl complexes
- metallocenes
- sandwich compounds
- half sandwich compounds
- transition metal carbene complexes
- transition metal carbyne complexes
|
|---|
| Applications | - Monsanto process
- Ziegler–Natta process
- Shell higher olefin process
- olefin metathesis
|
|---|
Related branches of chemistry
| - Organic chemistry
- inorganic chemistry
- bioinorganic chemistry
|
|---|
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